1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

2. Anatomy Answers “What is it?” Medical Terminology Structure / Form
Replace common name with medical name
Ex. Knee Cap = Patella
Structure / Form
round disk located in a tendon that passes over the knee.
synovial hinge joint

3. Anatomy Official Definition:
“Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts – their forms and how they are organized.” (p. 4)

4. Physiology Answers “How does it work?” Hinge Joint
One bone fits into another
Movement is permitted
in one plane, like a hinge
of a door.

5. Physiology Official Definition:
Physiology is the branch of science that deals with… “the function of body parts – what they do and how they do it” (p. 4)

6. Comparing Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomists use observation
Physiologists use experimentation
Together: The functional role (physiology) of a part depends on how it is constructed (anatomy).

7. Comparing Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomists use observation
Physiologists use experimentation
Together: The functional role (physiology) of a part depends on how it is constructed (anatomy).

8. History of Anatomy and Physiology
Early study: Egypt. China. Rome.
Mummification, Surgery, Treatment
Early healers:
Superstition and magic
Later healers:
Herbs as medicine, knowledge of body systems
Rome (Greek and Latin):
Development of standardized terms
Foundation of Western medicine

9. Healthy Bodies Rely on Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable, internal environment
Not too hot….
…not too cold
Balanced regulation of body

10. Maintaining Homeostasis
Homeostatic Mechanism: Negative Feedback
Set point
Normal Range (Individual vs. Population)
Ex. Thermostats and Body Regulation
Too Hot
Sweat to cool down
Too Cold
Shiver to warm up

11. Homeostasis works to regulate ALL conditions that keep you alive.
Without Homeostasis
Too Hot = Death
Too Cold = Death
Homeostasis works to regulate ALL conditions that keep you alive.
Water
Pressure
Oxygen
Heat
Food

12. Disorder, Dysfunction, Illness, and Injury
Inherited condition
Developed condition
Impacts entire body
Primary System(s)
Secondary System(s)

13. Organ Systems
Body Covering and Protection
Integumentary System
Skin

14. Support and Movement
Bones
Skeletal System
Muscles
Muscular System

15. Integration, Coordination, and Control
Nerves
Nervous System
Glands
Endocrine System
Hormones

16. Transport Lymph Nodes Heart, Veins, Arteries Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System

17. Absorption and Excretion
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Lungs
Urinary System
Viscera
Kidneys and Bladder

18. Reproduction
Female
Male
Reproductive System

19. Disorder, Dysfunction, Illness, and Injury
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pneumonia
Elephantitis
Scoliosis
Lymphadenitis
Skin Wounds