1. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
ANTHROPOMETRY
Chapter 10 in text
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2. Idea of Human Variation
Tallest in the class?
Shortest in the class?
Classroom ergonomics...
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3. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
General Idea
Design to fit as large a range of people as possible
Never design for the average person
Design for the average fits no one
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4. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
The 5pc-95pc Range
5th percentile female
95 percentile male
Even this range leaves people out - approx 10 people in this class
use ranges based on what makes sense
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5. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Percentiles
95th f.
5th pc female
95th m.
5th pc male
# of people
99th f.
99th m. 6’ 5’
Female avg=50th pc
Male avg=50thpc
Height
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6. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Variation
Human size changes with age
gender
ethnic group (90% US = 10% Vietnamese)
Occupation (basketball vs. ballet)
Generational growth
Time of day
Has been revised several times
people vary limb by limb
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7. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
2000 Anthropometric Data
Japanese female to US male
Available online.
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8. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Measurement
section on normal distribution don’t worry about
measurement don’t worry about
tables and how to do, DO worry about
But follow the NASA 2000 standard!
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9. Anthropometric Design
1. Determine who the users are (the population)
2. Determine the relevant body dimensions
3. Determine the relevant percentage level.
both male and female?
is 5th-95th range too small
do you need both ends of the range for that problem?
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10. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
From the NASA Standard
3.2 GENERAL ANTHROPOMETRICS & BIOMECHANICS RELATED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
{A}
3.2.1 Anthropometric Database Design Considerations
The following are considerations that must be made when using and applying anthropometric data.
a. Percentile Range - Design and sizing of space modules should ensure accommodation, compatibility, operability, and maintainability by the user population. Generally, design limits are based on a range of the user population from the 5th percentile values for critical body dimensions, as appropriate. The use of this range will theoretically provide coverage for 90% of the user population for that dimension.
b. User Population Definition - Anthropometric data should be established form a survey of the actual user population.. Data are provided for the 5th percentile Asian Japanese and the 95th percentile White or Black American male projected to the year 2000.
c. Misuse of the 50th Percentile - There is an erroneous tendency to consider the 50th percentile dimensional data as sufficient to accommodate the majority of users. This must not be done. The 50th percentile dimensions will accommodate only a narrow portion of the population, not a majority of the users. The full size range of users must be considered.
d. Summation of Segment Dimensions - Caution must be taken when combining body segment dimensions. The 95th percentile arm length, for instance, is not the addition of the 95th percentile shoulder-to-elbow length plus the 95th percentile elbow-to-hand length. The actual 95th percentile arm length will be somewhat less.
e. Percentiles within a category of data are exclusive. For example, a person who is 5th percentile body size does not necessarily have 5th percentile reach or joint movement.
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11. STATURE SECULAR GROWTH RATE (per decade)
For this standard, an operational year of 2000 and a crewmember age of 40 years has been selected. The secular growth rates of stature used to predict the year 2000 population are shown in Figure These secular growth trends must be validated periodically.
Figure Assumed Secular Growth Rate of Stature
 STATURE SECULAR GROWTH RATE (per decade)
American male 1.0 cm (0.4 in)
Japanese female 2.6 cm (1.0 in)
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12. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Female Dimensions (1)
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13. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
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14. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Female Dimensions (2)
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15. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
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16. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Male Dimensions (1)
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17. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Male Dimensions
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18. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Male Dimensions (2)
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19. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
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20. Other Available Measures
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21. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Head and foot measurements
Body segment mass and volume
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22. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Ranges
Seat height
Seat width
Doorway height
Checkout counters at supermarkets
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23. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Work Space Design
Clearances: must accommodate the largest users
Reach and Visibility
Reach envelopes: must consider minimum reach
Visibility: most comfortable visibility range
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24. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Sample Problem
Determine the minimum clearance needed between two tall shelves that people occasionally need to pass in between. Use the NASA 2000 data.
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25. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Look for the broadest measurement (95th) between male and female data. (generally hips or shoulders, 378/459)
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Select the appropriate values from the table.
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The shelves should be placed at least 61.5 cm apart.
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28. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Sample problem 2
You are designing an ergonomic desk chair. What range should the hydraulic seat height adjustment have?
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29. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Need both 5th pc female to 95th pc male range.
Select measure from the chart.
Values from the table.
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32. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Male
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33. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
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34. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Solution
The chair seat must adjust from 34.7 to cm.
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35. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Design Principles
Maximize visibility
Maximize reachability
Determine clearances/comfort
Determine an optimum arrangement
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36. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Most Visible Range
Normal line of sight: 10 to 15 degrees below the horizontal
visible range +/- 15 degrees of normal line of sight
Figure 10.6
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37. Design of Work Surfaces
Figure 10.9
Precise work higher
cm (male)
Light work
90-95 cm
Heavy work
75-90 cm
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38. Link Analysis for Component Arrangement
Technique for determining arrangement
Spatially organize components
Link by variable of interest
travel time
frequency of use
Thickness of link represents variable
Redesign to improve variable of interest
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39. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Sample problem
From observing the traffic in an office, the following data were collected:
Manager to Printer: 10 trips/day
Manager to Coffee Machine: 1 trip/day
Manager to Bill: 1 trip/day
Bill’s office to Coffee Machine: 10 trips/day
Bill’s office to Printer: 3 trips/day
Traffic from the Printer to the Coffee Machine: 10 trips/day
The office designer would like to accomplish two things:
Minimize the distance the manager has to travel (she has a bum knee)
Minimize the amount of cross traffic in the office (other employees find it distracting.
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40. Copyright Catherine M. Burns
Example
Old design, from measurements
New design B C C P B P M M
Solution: Move Bill and the Coffee machine away from the manager. Put the coffee machine and the printer beside each other.
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41. Exercise: Out of this world design
Design a chair for aliens. The aliens have very different bodies than ours. Their planet has weaker gravity than ours, so they can leap long distances, gliding half a mile or more with their feathery wings. Their three legs are 1.5m to 3m and springy, to boost them into the air. Their feet have suction cups, and they often use one foot to grip things. They have claw-like hands on their wings, but don't use them to grip—they use their foot-suctions instead. The aliens can also hold small objects in their mouths.
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