1. Chapter 3 Exploration and Colonization 1492-1675

2. An Era of Exploration
Section 1

3. I. New trade routes
A. All maps that Columbus and other European explorers used did not include America
Europe
Asia
Africa
B. According to this map all three continents merged to form a Huge land mass
C. Most thought the Western(Atlantic) and Eastern(Pacific) oceans ran together to form what they called the Ocean Sea.

5. Christopher Columbus

7. A. August 1492 Columbus set out with three ships and a crew of 90 sailors.
a. Nina
b. Pinta
c. Santa Maria
B. October 12 - land was spotted at 2:00 am
C. Columbus landed and claimed the land for Spain.
D. Landed on islands in the Caribbean Sea
Known as the West Indies

8. III. Columbus Returns to Spain
Columbus received the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea.
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand agreed to finance all future voyages.
a. Columbus made 3 more voyages.
b. Any land he found would financially benefit his family in Spain.
In 1493 the first Spanish Colony was set up on an island Columbus named Hispaniola(present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic.)
Colony- a group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the native governing body.

9. E. Columbus was a terrible governor
E. Columbus was a terrible governor. The Queen sent an investigator that took Columbus back to Spain in chains. F. Pardoned but never regained the honor he once held. G. Died in 1506 at age 55 H. Columbus was honored as discovering America.

10. IV Lasting Impact
The contact with the Native Americans was tragic because Columbus thought Europeans were superior to their culture.
The Spanish just about wiped out the Taino within the 100 years of Columbus taking over their lands.
Columbus’s voyages signaled a turning point for the Americas.
Turning point- a moment in history that marks a decisive change.

11. V. Spanish Cross the Pacific
By 1511 Spain had conquered Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Cuba
In an effort to continue the search for an all water route to Asia they explored the Eastern coast of North and South America.
1513 Vasco Nunez Balboa made his way through the jungles of the Isthmus of Panama where he soon discovered the Pacific Ocean and Claimed it for Spain
1519 Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the tip of South America and sailed into the Pacific.

12. E. Magellan and his crew made it to the Philippines. F
E. Magellan and his crew made it to the Philippines. F the remaining 18 sailors and one ship returned to Spain. G. They became the first people to circumnavigate the world. 1. Two Americas, not one 2. The Pacific Ocean exists 3. The Earth is bigger than we thought. H. Circumnavigate- sail completely around

14. VI. A Global Exchange
Encounters of people in the Eastern and Western Hemisphere sparked a global market for trade and ideas.
This exchange became known as the Columbian Exchange.
Items that were traded
Food
Medicine
Ideas about government
Technology
The arts and language

16. VII. European Influences of the Exchange
A. Domestic animals were introduced into the Americas
Chickens (Europe and Africa)
Pigs
Cattle
Horses
B. Plants were also introduced
Bananas(Canary Islands)
Oranges
Lemons
Figs
Bluegrass
Dandelions
C. New Diseases also introduced
Small Pox
Influenza

17. VIII. Native American Influences
A. Introduced new customs and ideas to Europeans
B. Introduced new foods
Corn
Potatoes
Beans
Tomatoes
Manioc
Squash
Peanuts
Pineapples
blueberries
C. Helped the Europeans valuable Native American skills.
Snowshoes Trap animals
Use canoes Find appropriate food