1. Molecules that contain carbon
Organic Molecules
Molecules that contain carbon

2. Carbon is important to living organisms for several reasons….
Carbon is found in all living things
Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonding with other elements to make
biological building blocks

3. Building blocks link together to form complex molecules
Monomers are building blocks.
Monomers bond together to form long chains called polymers.

4. 4 types of Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

5. 1. Carbohydrates
Sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products. 

6. Function
Quick/short-term energy
Energy storage
Structure

7. Elements (C,H,O)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

8. Monomer: Monosaccharide
Simple sugars
EX: glucose, fructose, galactose

9. Polysaccharides many monomers joined together
Starch energy storage in plants
Glycogen energy storage in animals
Cellulose support for plant cell walls
Chitin support in exoskeletons of arthropods

10. EX: Carbohydrates Identify each example as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
fruit
potatoes
pasta
honey
exoskeleton

11. 2. Lipids
A group of biological molecules that generally do not dissolve in water

12. Found in… Vegetable oil Animal fats Waxes Cell Membranes
Steroids/Hormones
Candle wax
Lipid bilayer of cell membrane

13. Function
Insulation
Protection
Long term energy storage

14. Elements (C, H, O)
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

15. Monomers
Glycerol
Fatty acids

16. Polymer
Ex. Triglyceride = Glycerol and three fatty acids

17. Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol
Ex. Phospholipid
Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol

18. 3. Proteins
 Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body

19. Found in…
muscle
skin
hair

20. Functions Structure Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes)
Regulate body processes (antibodies & hormones)

21. Elements (C, H, O, N)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

22. Monomer
Amino Acids (20 different kinds)

23. Polymer Peptide bond Amino acids are joined together to form protein
The bond between amino acids is called a PEPTIDE BOND.
Peptide bond

24. 4. Nucleic Acids
Function: Store, transmit, and transfer genetic information
Examples: DNA & RNA
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

25. Monomer
Nucleotide (3 parts)

26. Polymer (Circle the nucleotides)

27. Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Made up of Made up of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
EX:
EX:
EX:
EX:

28. Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous
Review
Carbon
Compounds
Include 4 types
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Made up of
Made up of
Made up of
Made up of
Monosaccharides
Glycerol &
fatty acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous
EX:
EX:
EX:
EX:

29. Cornell Summary & Study Questions