1. Srikanth Krishnamurthy, Guru Parulkar, Mart Molle, Vana Kalogeraki,
Wireless Networking Technologies: What will the future bring? What can we do about it?
Srikanth Krishnamurthy, Guru Parulkar,
Mart Molle, Vana Kalogeraki,
Michalis Faloutsos

2. The Grand Vision We want wireless everywhere
Need system/network integration
Bridging the gap: challenges and opportunities
Innovative new enabling technologies (Software Radios)
Applications
Middleware
Networking
Embedded Systems
Physical

3. We Are Not There Yet

4. What do we see in wireless? Novel physical layer technologies
Goal of This Talk
What do we see in wireless?
Current state and future trends
Novel physical layer technologies
New possibilities require new protocols
What are the issues in networking?
Increased layer interaction, integration

5. Thoughts on the role of wireless in tomorrow’s world
Some of the thoughts/figures are from
Prof. Ted Rappaport’s (UT Austin) presentation. (

6. A Universal Network: The Ultimate Convergence
Home
Net
PAN
Cellular
Internet
Enterprise
Network
Sensor

7. Applications: What Do We Foresee ?
A ubiquitous service:
Always connected
Everywhere connected
The Cellular, PC and PDA become one
New gadgets emerge: glasses as screen
All devices talk to each other
Computers, earphone, thermostat, TV
Seamless connectivity
High data rates are desirable and needed

8. Applications and Requirements
Continual access to information
Ease of use: plug and play
Entertainment:
Distributed Games (billion dollar industry)
Virtual reality - Virtual worlds
Enhanced reality: merging virtual and real

9. Current Trends 1 Billion to 2 Billion wireless users by 2008.
Abundance of new technologies
Bluetooth, WLAN, Radio, Infrared, UWB
Wireless LAN technologies for office and in-building applications (up to 54Mb/s)
Verizon + Qualcomm: 2Mbs to cellphones

10. What is the State of the Art?
802.11g can provide up to 54 Mbps for Wireless LAN applications
Cellular technologies are mature although we have the “Can you hear me now?” problem
Ad hoc and Sensor network research is in full gear – prototypes from various groups

11. Limitations of current technologies
Not much work on integration of technologies – some work is being done by certain groups (example: Lucent).
Cross layer technologies are yet to be developed.
Software radio/MIMO capabilities are emerging but there is no mature network research on how to exploit the presence of these radios.
What about MIMOs?

12. What Are the Main Challenges?
Capacity
Current narrow band technologies do not facilitate emerging applications
Solution: Emerging Radio Technologies, MIMO
Availability / Coverage
Availability of services and access to resources
The “Can you hear me now ?” problem
Solution: Integration of Cellular, Wireless Local Loops, Ad Hoc and Sensor Network Technologies.
Related: scalability, ease of use, security
The above are the engineering challenges:
Plus scalability
We should add usability: plug and play, security, policy
What is a local loop

13. What do we see in wireless ? Novel physical layer technologies
Goal of This Talk
What do we see in wireless ?
Current state and future trends
Novel physical layer technologies
New possibilities require new protocols
What are the issues in networking?
Increased layer interaction, integration

14. Emerging Radio Technologies

15. How do we increase data rates ?
We need to increase network capacity
Emerging technologies that can help:
Reuse space: smart antennas, MIMO
Reduce interference: Ultra Wide Band Radio (IEEE )
Maintain flexibility: Software Radio technologies – FPGAs

16. Regime of different emerging radio technologies
Ultra Wide
Band Radios
Low Power,
High
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Flexible Operation Range; Use of Cross Layer Technologies to determine parameters
LANs
802.11
Range Of
Data Rates
Of Power
Levels
Need novel
protocols
MIMO Device Equipped,
Software Defined Radio Equipped
Traditional
Cellular
And RF Technologies
Higher Range
Narrow band
Sensors:
Low
Power;
Small
Range;
Bandwidth
Go over
Transmission Range
Energy
Efficiency

17. What MIMO Brings to the Table?
Multiple Input Multiple Output or smart antennas:
Multiple antenna elements + sophisticated signal processing
Enable spatial reuse:
Enhance signal strength in a desired direction and annul signals from interferers.

18. Ultra Wide Band
What do we want to say here?
Use of increased bandwidth  very short pulses that traverse small distances.
This in turn can reduce possibility of interference.

19. This reduces contention
What Does UWB Provide?
Transmission
Short range
Short in time
Thus,
Less spatial interference
Less probability of overlap
This reduces contention

20. What is Software Radio? Radio whose functionalities are in software.
Modulation
Codes
Frequency band
Functionalities can change and adapt to environment, scenario, or new app needs
Let’s go over this…

21. How do software radios help?
Flexibility: Ability to exploit what is available.
Adaptability: deploy novel techniques easily - updating software is easier

22. What do we see in wireless ? Novel physical layer technologies
Goal of This Talk
What do we see in wireless ?
Current state and future trends
Novel physical layer technologies
New possibilities require new protocols
What are the issues in networking?
Increased layer interaction, integration

23. What is needed to close the gap?

24. Universal Connectivity: One Network
Omni-present hi-bandwidth service requires multiple technologies
Infrastructure based networks can connect ad hoc pockets of connectivity (Negreponte)
Integration must be seamless.
Application/Environment specific optimizations
One size does not fit all!

25. Cross Layer Protocol Design
Higher layers must be aware and exploit lower layers
Traditionally: a clear layer separation
Higher layers cannot use lower layer features
Lower layer feedback is not available to higher layers
Design of appropriate APIs between the various layers
Simple Example : Application need is high bandwidth – use little error correction at physical layer – choose a route with robust links at the routing layer.

26. Need for Ease of Use: Plug and Play
Things should work!
Totally transparent to the user
Need for self-configuration
challenges in access control, routing, addressing, security
How do we ensure an inter-device “universal language” for identification?

27. New Business Models The traditional question: Who pays whom?
New question: who collaborates with whom?
We need for incentives, accounting.
Will community-based approaches work?

28. Security is a critical issue. Ad hoc and sensors: baby steps
Security Challenges
Security is a critical issue.
Ad hoc and sensors: baby steps
Location and authentication
Security is in direct conflict with:
High bandwidth capabilities
Scalability

29. This is a Great Opportunity
We want wireless everywhere
Need system/network integration
Bridging the gap: challenges and opportunities
Innovative new enabling technologies (Software Radios)
Applications
Middleware
Networking
Embedded Systems
Physical
Both DARPA and NSF have funding initiatives
Industry Interest exists:
Intel, Telcordia, Qualcomm

30. Where Do We See UCR’s Advantage
We have strength at the right places
Physical layer
Embedded systems / Architecture
Wireless Networking
Collaboration will maximize the impact