1. “Bone Structures”

2. “Bone Structure” The skeleton has 206 bones
Two basic types of bone tissue
1. Compact bone
Dense and heavy
2. Spongy bone
Small needle-like pieces of bone
Many open spaces
and lightweight
Figure 5.2b
Slide 5.3
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3. Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
3. Diaphysis
Shaft
Composed of compact bone: (dense and heavy)
4. Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
Composed mostly of spongy bone: (contains holes and is lightweight)
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.6
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4. Structures of a Long Bone
5. Periosteum
Outside covering of the diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue membrane
6. Arteries
Supply bone cells with nutrients
7. Nerves:
Tells the bone when it is injured
Initiates the healing process
Figure 5.2c
Slide 5.7
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5. Structures of a Long Bone
8. Articular cartilage
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.8a
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6. Structures of a Long Bone
9.) Medullary cavity
Cavity of the shaft
Stores bone marrow
10.)Yellow Bone Marrow
Stores lipids/fats
11.) Red Bone Marrow
creates blood cells
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.8b
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7. Types of Bones

8. “Types of Bones” A.) Long bones Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Spongy bone at the ends (epiphysis), Compact bone in the middle (Diaphysis)
Examples: Femur, humerus
Slide 5.4a
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10. Types of Bones B.) Irregular bones Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip
Slide 5.5b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Types of Bones C.) Flat bones Thin and flattened Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
Slide 5.5a
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14. Types of Bones D.) Short bones Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals
Slide 5.4b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings