1. Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation
Current News and Weather
Finish Climate Projections
Climate Change Impacts
Adaptation Options
Mitigation Strategies
For Next Class: Read Gilbert (2016)
Exam IV on Wednesday. Old Exam Study Session 12-4 PM on Thursday in 345 Rankin West. Final Exam 11 AM on Friday (5/4).

2. Effects on Ecosystems
Carbon Fertilization: Depends on whether they are C3 or C4 plants.
Corn is at a disadvantage compared to C3 weeds in a world with higher CO2 because C4 plants do not photosynthesize as well!
Changes of Speciation within Forests
Fate of the spruce-fir ecosystem in S. Apps?
Rising Biosphere in Mountains
Marine Ecosystems
Coral Reefs

4. Changes of Speciation within Forests

5. Human Impacts?
What are the Societal and Economic Impacts of Climate Change?

6. Human Impacts
Floods, droughts, and climate extremes likely to increase
Global conflicts may be exacerbated?
Arctic claims in response to decreasing summer sea ice?
Environmental refugees
Food shortages and higher food prices?

7. Adapting to Climate Change
Sea Level Rise: Approximately 10% of worlds population is found within Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZs)
60% of population of the Netherlands lives within LECZs
Significant problem facing society!
Water Management: How to ensure adequate and clean water when quantity and dependability of existing supplies is decreasing?
Glacier retreat in tropical Andes!

8. LECZs in Eastern U.S.

9. Sea Level Rise
What are the major contributions to observed and projected global sea level rise?

10. IPCC AR5

11. IPCC AR5

12. IPCC AR5

13. IPCC AR5

14. IPCC AR5

15. Group Discussion
How should low lying coastal zones (e.g., South Florida, NC Outer Banks) begin to prepare for sea level rise?
What are some specific adaptation and mitigation strategies?
How might sea level rise impact you personally?

16. Mitigation Strategies
Kyoto Protocol
CO2 emissions 5% below 1990
Ratified by 182 countries, bi-partisan rejection in U.S.
Energy Conservation and other “Soft” Measures
Alternative Energy Sources
Wind, nuclear, solar, tidal, biomass-based fuels
Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS)
Also known as carbon sequestration and involves burying carbon in ground
Geoengineering of Global Climate