1. By: Cheyenne Howell cheyenne.smith@smail.astate.edu
Models of Teaching
By:
Cheyenne Howell

2. What are models of teaching?
Models of teaching are the various models that are used to teach content to students.
The model a teacher chooses to use depends on the content, student grouping, and who you want the lesson centered around (teacher or student).
There a number of models that teachers can choose from.
Two major categories
Inductive Models
Centered around the students
Deductive Models
Centered around the teacher

3. Inductive vs. Deductive Teaching
Student-Centered
Starts with examples
Moves towards generalizations
High interaction
Method of discovery
Process takes much longer
Teacher-Centered
Starts with generalizations
Moves towards examples
Low interaction
Method of verification
Process is fast

4. Types of Models Inductive Deductive Jigsaw Group Investigation QAR
Reciprocal Teaching
Concept Attainment
Deductive
Direct Instruction
Advance Organizer

5. Inductive Models

6. Jigsaw
The Jigsaw model requires a lot of teacher work up front and student collaboration throughout.
This model works best if you have content that can be divided into 3-4 parts.
Steps:
Teacher chooses a large body of information, breaking into categories.
Teacher creates “home groups” where each students goes away and learns about a categories.
Each “home group” member goes to their “expert group” to read/discuss the information.
“Home groups” reunite and take turns sharing what they learned.

7. Group Investigation
The Group Investigation model is very similar to Jigsaw.
This model deals with a puzzling situation that students are investigating.
Increases problem solving and communication skills.
Steps:
Provide students with puzzling situation.
Students explore reactions to the situation.
Students formulate study tasks.’
Independent and group study time
Students analyze progress and process
Repeat the cycle with new puzzling situation that grew out of the first investigation.

8. QAR
The QAR model is used to help students find and understand the relationships between questions and their answers.
This model helps students improve their higher-level thinking processes, increase their reading comprehension, and increase their ability to answer questions.
Stages of QAR
In the Book:
Right There – Answer is in one place in the text
Think and Search – Answer is in the text but in different places
In My Head:
Author and Me – Answer is found by using the text and their background knowledge
On My Own – Answer is found by using background knowledge/experiences

9. Reciprocal Teaching
In the Reciprocal Teaching model, teachers and students exchange roles.
Students practice strategies that effective readers automatically do.
This model helps improve reading comprehension and comprehension-monitoring skills.
Strategies:
Generating Questions
Predicting
Clarifying
Summarizing

10. Concept Attainment
The Concept Attainment model involves students comparing and contrasting exemplars and nonexemplars to understand a concept.
Critical thinking is used through out the whole model.
Stages:
Preparation
Introduction of Exemplars and Nonexemplars
Generating Hypotheses
Testing and Affirming Hypotheses
Analyzing the Cognitive Road Map
Exemplars
Nonexemplars
Ice Melting
Cutting Paper
Dicing Potatoes
Crushing a Can
Wood Burning
Iron Rusting
Baking a Cake
Digesting Food

11. Deductive Models

12. Direct Instruction
Direct Instruction is an explicit teaching model where the teacher presents content to the students.
This model helps students master learning of the content.
Steps:
Focus Activity
State Objectives and Provide Rationale
Present the Content
Check for Understanding
Guided Practice
Independent Practice
Closure

13. Advance Organizers
Advance Organizers are a model that help students organize information by seeing how it connects.
This model helps provide a mental framework, recall information easily, and engage in learning.
Helps bridge the gap between what learners already know and what they will learn.
Procedures:
Read a text-based advance organizer orally to students.
Add visuals.
Use concept maps and graphic organizers.
Teach the advance organizer and remind students to use them.

14. References
DellOlio, J. M., & Donk, T. (2007). Models of teaching: Connecting student learning With standards. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
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