1. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Exercise Science

2. Bell Work Vocabulary: Define using the red book Blood vessels Artery
Vein
Capillary
Heart
Lungs
Circulatory system

3. Standard
Create an infographic to identify gross heart anatomy and physiology and related cardiac conduction and circulatory pathways.

4. Objective By the end of class, student will be able to
Recognize main functions of the heart
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves
Interpret the meaning of heart sounds and blood pressure

5. Anatomy
Blood Vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries are all blood vessels.
Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
Veins – Carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels, where exchange of materials occurs, connects an artery and a vein.
Lungs: organs that take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

6. Key Terms Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the lungs
Cardiac – means anything dealing with the heart
Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs and the body.

7. Physiology Also known as Cardiovascular System
Carries blood around the body
Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells all over the body
Transports wastes (urea, carbon dioxide, salt) to excretory organs
It is composed of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels

8. The Heart Muscular organ Size of a closed fist Weighs 12-13 oz
Location – thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

9. CARDIOLOGY
A PERSON’S HEART WILL BEAT APPROXIMATELY 100,000 TIMES A DAY, EVERY DAY
IMAGINE TRYING TO SQUEEZE A TENNIS BALL 70 TIMES A MINUTE…..THAT IS WHAT YOUR HEART DOES EVERYDAY
Why do you think your heart rate increases during exercise?????

10. FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
Pump blood through arteries, capillaries and veins
Blood transports oxygen and nutrients
Heart is the pump that keeps blood circulating properly

11. Structure Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood
At rest = 2 oz blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons per hour
Ave = 72 beats per minute
100,000 beats per day
PERICARDIUM – double layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart
MYOCARDIUM – cardiac muscle tissue, forms 4 chambers
ENDOCARDIUM – smooth inner lining of heart
SEPTUM – partition (wall) that separates right half from left half

12. Apex of Heart
Lowest tip of the organ that points downward at the base, forming what almost looks like a rounded point.
Strongest beat can be heard and even felt here!!!
Stethoscope – instrument used to hear the heartbeat

13. Structure
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava – bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Pulmonary artery – takes blood away from right ventricle to the lungs for O2
Pulmonary veins – bring oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Aorta – takes blood away from left ventricle to rest of the body

14. Chambers and Valves SEPTUM divides into R and L halves
Upper chambers – RIGHT ATRIUM and LEFT ATRIUM
Lower chambers – RIGHT VENTRICLE and LEFT VENTRICLE
Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction

15. VALVES Tricuspid – 3 flaps or cusps – prevents backflow into R atrium
Pulmonary – 3 flaps – prevents backflow into R ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid) – 2 flaps – prevents backflow into L atrium
Aortic – prevents backflow into L ventricle

16. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump. When the heart beats…
Right Heart Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena cava  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary artery  lungs (for oxygen)
Left Heart Oxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary veins  left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta  general circulation (to deliver oxygen)

17. BELL WORK
Write on a piece of paper the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 valves of the heart in order of blood flow. Please turn in when finished

18. 4

19. Valve Replacements Mechanical Biological Metal valves
Blood usually sticks to metal – have to take blood thinning medications
Biological
Can be from human (cadaver) or animal (pig, cow, horse)
Do not have to take blood thinning medications
May need to be replaced

20. Heart Valves

21. CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM WITH OXYGENATED BLOOD
BLOCKAGE OR INFARCT OF ONE OF THESE ARTERIES CAUSES A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
Left main artery – called “widow maker”

22. CARDIAC CYCLE Creates Heart sounds Heard through stethoscope
“LUB-DUB” sound
1st sound – longest and loudest (closure of AV valves)
2nd sound – closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
If valves do not close properly – you will hear an extra sound called a heart murmur

23. Heart Rate Measured in beats per minute Normal Heart Rate
Adults –
Abnormal Heart Rates
<60 BPM – Bradycardia
>100 BPM – Tachycardia
Your heart rate is: 70 BPM (70 beats per minute)

24. Heart Rate State if normal, bradycardia, tachycardia 176 BPM 44 BPM

25. THE CARDIAC CYCLE
SYSTOLE – CARDIAC CONTRACTION THE BLOOD IS FORCED OUT OF THE HEART TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION AND TO THE BODY FOR CIRCULATION (CONTRACTION)
DIASTOLE – CARDIAC RELAXATION THE BLOOD IS RETURNED TO THE HEART FROM THE LUNGS AND THE BODY (RELAXATION)

26. Blood Pressure Measured in mmHg (milimeters of mercury)
Normal Blood Pressure
Range /60-90
Systolic – pressure when your heart beats (top number)
Diastolic – pressure when your heart relaxes between beats (bottom number)

27. Blood Pressure High blood pressure, AKA HYPERTENSION
>140/90 mmHg
Hypertension
Low blood pressure, AKA HYPOTENSION
<100/60 mmHg
Hypotension

28. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure readings: State if normal, hypertensive or hypotensive
165/98 mmHg
78/44 mmHg
128/76 mmHg
220/126 mmHg
132/88 mmHg

29. Objective By the end of class, student will be able to
Recognize main functions of the heart
Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves
Interpret heart sounds and blood pressure