1. Video: Nutrition Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals
Biochemistry!
Cellular Chemistry p.34
Body Chemistry:
Video: Nutrition Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals
(04:25)
Nutrition Guide for your health!

2. Cells work on a chemical level
There are 4 main types of Macromolecules (also known as) Biomolecules that a cell uses on a regular basis:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. Carbohydrates Made of monomer – simple sugar molecules Function
Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Made of
monomer – simple sugar molecules
Function
Stores energy and some structures
Examples
Starch, glucose, fructose
Fact
Usually large molecules
Food sources
bread,
honey,
candy,
pasta,
Vegetables

4. SUGAR
Glucose Fructose

6. Lipids Characteristics of Lipids Made of monomer - fatty acids
Function
Stores energy, forms membranes, some hormones
Examples
Body fat, cell membranes, testosterone
Fact
Lipids do not dissolve
in water but do
dissolve in oils
Food sources
Candy, red meats,
fried foods,
dairy products
**Video: Carbohydrates and Fat: Fueling the Body (8:00)

8. Proteins Characteristics of Proteins Made of monomer - amino acids
Function
Makes enzymes (metabolism), forms structures, some hormones
Examples
Lactase, Insulin, hair, cartilage, muscle tissue
Fact
All proteins are made of the same 20 amino acids
Food sources
Meats,
nuts,
tofu
Video: (From Food to ATP 1:56)

9. Amino acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen.
Amino acid structure:
Amino acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen.

10. Nucleic Acids Characteristics of Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
Made of
Nucleotides
Function
Stores genetic information, directs cell activity, makes proteins
Examples
DNA and RNA
Fact
DNA is a double helix and RNA is a single helix
Food sources
Most foods made from living materials
Nucleic Acids Video Link Here (1:00)

11. Need calculators to figure calories.
Nutritional Labels
McDonald’s:
Need calculators to figure calories.
Handout class set of Nutrition Labels and discuss

12. Organic Substances
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
RNA

13. Organic Substances RNA Sugars Starches Meats Hormones Muscle Hair
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
RNA
Sugars
Starches
Meats
Hormones
Muscle
Hair
Nails
Enzymes
Blood Cells
Fats
Oils
Waxes
DNA
RNA

15. Enzymes
Enzymes are PROTEINS that are used by the cell to speed up and regulate metabolic reactions.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that remain unchanged by the reaction.

16. Enzymes
The substrate is temporarily bound to its enzyme at the active site. The enzyme may change shape slightly to accommodate the substrate.

17. EXAMPLES OF ENZYMES:
Salivary Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates in your mouth
Laundry Detergents: Break down the proteins in food or other organic stains
Pepsin: Breaks down proteins into individual amino acids

18. Answers: A, H