1. Absolute Monarchy in France
Chapter 18
Section 2

2. Key Terms Huguenot Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Henry IV
Edict of Nantes
Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIV
War of Spanish Succession
Treaty of Utrecht

3. Religious War and Henry IV
Protestant Reformation began in 1560’s
One in ten French were Huguenot
Huguenot-French Calvinists
Large number of Protestant nobles
Threatened French Catholic monarchy

4. Conflict and a New King 1562 fighting between Catholics and Huguenots
1572 Catholic Queen ordered the killing of the Huguenots
Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- Huguenots in town for the wedding of Henry of Navarre (10,000 to 70,000 killed)

5. Henry of Navarre escaped by denying his religion
Was in line to be king
Fought Catholics troops to claim the throne
Converted to Catholicism
“Paris was worth the mass”

6. Compromise in Progress
Edict of Nantes- gave Huguenots limited freedom to worship
Could hold office in the 200 towns where they were a majority
Concept of one king, one law, one religion no longer in affect

7. Compromise in Progress
French people accepted the Edict because it stopped religious wars
Required Huguenots to support church financially
Henry focused on repairing country
Improved France’s financial situation

8. Compromise and Progress
Built up a surplus
Created new industries
Drained swamps
Built canals and roads
Stimulated trade encourage agriculture

9. Louis XIII and Richelieu
Henry killed in 1610 (stabbed)
Louis XIII was young, mother served as regent
Cardinal Richelieu- became a chief minister and most trusted advisor

10. Louis XIII and Richeliue
Louis XIII weak ruler
Richelieu strengthened monarchy
Crushed opponents
Both wanted to reduce the power of the Huguenots
People of La Rochelle helped English forces

11. Louis XIII and Richelieu
Richelieu’s troops laid siege to the city
Tore down the city’s wall made the churches become Catholic
Signal to Huguenots that resistance to the monarchy carried risks

12. Louis XIII and Richelieu
Spies found plots against the kings
Three prominent nobles were executed
Richelieu also directed foreign policy
To bring down Hapsburg family sided with Protestants in 30 year war

13. The Monarchy and Louis XIV
Richelieu died 1642
Louis XIII died the next year
Louis XIV- best example of an absolute monarch
His mother was a regent
Cardinal Mazarin became chief minister

14. Rise of the Sun King Raised to be king Different from father
Trained to talk to ambassadors
Interpret state papers
Hunting, dancing
Different from father
Supremely confident in his ability to rule
When Mazarin dies he was 18

15. Rise of the Sun King Declared he could rule himself
Choose the sun as his personal symbol
Implying that the world revolved around him
“Letat c’est moi”means “I am the state”

16. Absolutism at Versailles
Retained absolute power
Began tradition of absolute monarchy
In charge of military
Political initiatives
Economic initiatives
Religion of his subjects
All under his direct control

17. Absolutism at Versailles
Louis deprive nobles of influence
Louis built an enormous palace at Versailles
Required nobles to visit him
Nobles gained prestige by being servants to the king

18. Absolutism at Versailles
Urged nobles to develop expensive habits of
Dressing
Dining
gambling
Nobles grew poorer and had to depend more on the king’s generosity

19. Absolutism at Versailles
Versailles was a grand spectacle of kingly power
Every moment of the day required rituals
Bowing courtiers
Eating
Dressing
Walking in the garden
All required a ritual

20. Louis and Protestantism
Smashed power of the Huguenots
1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes
200,000 Huguenots fled France
Prosperous merchants, artisans
Loss of skill and wealth caused a financial crisis

21. Money and Military Lifestyle demanded a lot of money
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Limited imports
Increased exports
Simplified tax system
Built up military from 70,000 to 200,000
Spent money on good equipment
Went to war four times

22. War Over the Throne
Louis XIV wanted to increase his power across the border
Louis had to melt down royal silver to pay for wars
War of Spanish Succession- Spanish king died without an heir
Three rulers tried to take over

23. War Over the Throne
European monarchs did not want Spain and France so closely connected
England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire went to war against France
Fighting in North America was the French and Indian War

24. War Over the Throne 1713 Louis accepted the Treaty of Utrecht
Louis grandson got Spanish throne
Louis gave up most of the territory he had taken
War benefited England
Louis remained in power till 1715

25. Treaty of Utrecht