1. Nationalism is the belief that an ethnic group should have its
own national state and government.
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2. Since the Middle Ages, Italy had been a collection of kingdoms
and city-states.
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3. Italy was ruled by Austria.
From the early 1800s, much of
Italy was ruled by Austria.
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4. The Pope controlled central
Italy.
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5. of Italian unification. His writings inspired nationalists.
Giuseppe Mazzini founded an organization called “Young Italy”. It was a secret society for Italian unification. Mazzini was the “soul”
of Italian unification.
His writings
inspired nationalists.
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6. Mazzini’s writings stirred up revolts but the revolts were quickly put
down. Mazzini had to flee Italy.
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7. Garibaldi was the “sword” of unification.
Giuseppe
Garibaldi
worked
with
Mazzini and
was also
exiled.
Garibaldi was the “sword” of
unification.
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8. He organized an army for unification. His soldiers were known
as the “Red Shirts”.
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9. In 1852, Count Cavour was made Prime Minister of the
Kingdom of Piedmont
and Sardinia by King
Victor Emmanuel.
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10. Austria while Garibaldi’s armies
Cavour provoked
a war with
Austria while Garibaldi’s armies
moved north
across the
peninsula.
Cavour was the
“mastermind” of
unification.
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11. Cavour then annexed most of the other
states of northern and central Italy.
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12. Garibaldi overthrew the king of Naples in the south. He then joined
Meanwhile, Giuseppe
Garibaldi overthrew the king of
Naples in the south. He then joined
Naples to Cavour’s enlarged Piedmont.
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13. By 1871, unification had been achieved.
The Pope’s territory had been reduced
to the Vatican.
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14. But unification had failed to end the cultural and economic divisions
that
separated
Italy’s north
and south.
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