1. World War I

2. Old Friends: Alliances
1839: Treaty of London: British vow to protect neutrality of Belgium
1879: Dual Alliance Treaty: Germany & Austrian-Hungary agree to protect each other against Russia
1892: Franco-Russian Military Alliance

3. GENERAL INFO ABOUT WWI Started July 28, 1914 Ended November 11, 1918
Almost 8 million dead
22,000,000 wounded
MAP OF EUROPE GREATLY CHANGED

4. BEFORE

5. AFTER

6. MAIN Causes of WWI
Militarism - Building up a strong military to prepare for war (ARMS RACE)
Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
European powers formed alliances
PROBLEM: One event could drag all countries involved into a conflict
Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically.
Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country

7. Militarism World War I: first war using advanced weaponry and tactics
Britain- largest navy in world
Germany- spent more on army & navy than all other countries in Europe
End up with 2nd largest navy & 2nd largest army
British navy creates Dreadnoughts (Battleship) considered direct threat by Germans
Germany responds with U-Boats (submarine) and Zeppelin
Germany also creates Schlieffen Plan in case of a 2 Front War

8. Dreadnought

9. U-Boat

10. Zeppelin

11. Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente
The Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy was counter-balanced by the Triple Entente of France, Russia, and Great Britain.
As a result, by 1907 Europe was divided into two armed and rather fearful camps.

12. Alliances
Dual Alliance- Bismarck engineers alliance b/t Germany & Austria
France & Russia enter into Entente Cordiale
Germany worries
Britain resolves differences w/ France & Russia enter into another entente with France creating Triple Entente
Germany now hedged in. Convinces Italy to join Dual Alliance (with A-H) making it Triple Alliance

14. Alliances VS Triple Alliance Triple Entente Germany Britain
Austria- Hungary
France
Italy
Russia

15. Imperialism in Africa Germany claims land in Africa
Results in arguments w/ Great Britain, the Dutch, & France
Moroccan Crisis I: (1905) provokes tension when Kaiser Wilhelm visits Algeria tells residents they should be independent - France cries foul. Conference is called & rest of world (all white) agree w/ France -Germany backs down
Moroccan Crisis II: (1911) Germ sends a gunboat to Algeria to protest French occupation. Sees it will get no support from rest of world, compromised- Algeria is Fr. Protect. & Germ gets parts of Fr. Congo.

16. Imperialism in Eastern Europe
Austria-Hungary increases empire into Eastern Europe
Balkans Crisis I:(1908) A-H annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Serbia cries foul - Russia supports them.
Germany sides w/ A-H. Serbia backs down.
Balkan Crisis II: ( ) Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, & Greece all seize land from O.E.
Austria intervenes & forces creation of Albania.
Russia & Serbia draw closer together

19. Nationalism
Different ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary wanted their own country - when Hungary achieved limited autonomy they were angry and resentful
Serbians’ desire for a greater Empire led to increased diplomatic talks with Bosnia
The SPARK:
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
Serbia is blamed.

20. THE BLACK HAND Black Hand: Serbian terrorist group
Main Objective of the Black Hand was the creation of a Greater Serbia, by means of violence.
Black Hand believed Bosnia should belong to Serbia

22. Domino Effect
A-H sends ultimatum to Serbia demanding those who were responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
Serbia looks to Russia for help. Russia agrees.
A-H calls on Germany for assistance in case of war.
Russia turns to France for support. France agrees.
7/28 A-H declares war on Serbia.
7/30 Russia mobilizes.
8/1 Germany declares war on Russia.
8/3 Germany then declares war on France.
Belgium refuses German request to cross territory, Germany invades, Britain enters war- 8/4
8/6- A-H declares war on Russia
It’s on!

23. Sequence of Events Assignment: Due Today
Chapter 21 Lesson 1
June 28, 1914
July 28, 1914
August 1, 1914
August 3, 1914
August 4, 1914
Which is the most significant event and why? One paragraph with complete sentences.