1. ROMAN WRITING

2. FIBULA PRAENESTINA (7th cent. B.C.)
MANIOS MED FHEFHAKED NUMASIOI
MANIUS ME FECIT NUMERIO

5. Transcribed text of Syneros’s letter to Chios (written in Egypt between 25 B.C. and 25 A.D.)
suneros(*) · Chio suo · plur(imam) · sal(utem) · s(i) · v(ales) b(ene est) · Theo adduxsit(*) · ad · me · Ohapim rẹgiuṃ · mensularium · oxsyrychitem(*) · qui · quidem · mecum · est · locutus de · inprobitate(*) · Epaphraes · itaque · nihil · ultra · loquor · quam · 〚no〛  ne patiarus(*) · te · propter · illos · perire · crede · mihi · nimia · bonitas pernicies · homiṇ[i]ḅus est \vel · maxsuma(*)/ · deinde · ipse · tibei(*) · de·mostrabit(*)  qu[i]t(*) · rei · sit · qum(*) · illum(*) ad te · vocareis(*) · set(*) · persevera qui · de · tam pusilla · summa · tam · magnum · lucrum · facit dominum · occidere · volt(*) · deinde · ego · clamare · debeo · siquod · video devom(*) · atque · hominum · 〚fidem · si · tu ·   ̣ista · non · cuibis〛  tuum · erit · vindicare · ne · alio(*) · libeat · facere
Chio · Caesaris
Syneros to his friend Chius very many greetings. If you are well, fine. Theon brought to me Ohapim, the public banker of Oxyrhynchus, who spoke with me concerning Epaphras' wickedness. Therefore I say nothing more than "do not let yourself come to ruin on their account". Believe me, excessive generosity brings disaster, perhaps more than anything else, on men. He himself will show you later the meaning of the affair when you have summoned him to you. But stick to it: he who makes so great a profit from so trifling a sum is willing to kill his master. Then I ought to cry out, if my perceptions are to be trusted, "Heaven and earth!" It will be your task to exact punishment lest it prove attractive to another to do it.

6. Graffiti from Pompei (79 A.D.?)

8. Vindolandae a mīlitibus et mulieribus scrīptās multās epistolās invēnimus (c.100 A.D.)

9. Haec sunt litterārum fōrmae in hīs epistolīs scrīptae

10. Mulier praefectī castrōrum dē diē nātālī amīcae hanc epistolam recēpit
Claudia Sevēra Lepidīnae suae salūtem.
III (trēs) īdūs Septembrēs. soror ad diēm sollemnem nātālem meum rogō libenter faciās ut veniās ad nōs iūcundiōrem mihi diēm interventū tuō factūra s[i tū aderis].
Ceriālem tuum salūtā. Aelius meus tē et fīliolus salūtant.
sperābō tē soror
valē soror anima mea ut valeam kārissima et havē
Sulpiciae Lepidīnae Ceriālis ā Claudiā Sevērā.

12. Trajan’s Column (completed 113 A.D.)

13. Trajan’s Column (completed 113 A.D.)
SENATVS·POPVLVSQVE·ROMANVS
IMP·CAESARI·DIVI·NERVAE·F·NERVAE
TRAIANO·AVG·GERM·DACICO·PONTIF
MAXIMO·TRIB·POT·XVII·IMP·VI·COS·VI·P·P
AD·DECLARANDVM·QVANTAE·ALTITVDINIS
MONS·ET·LOCVS·TANT<IS·OPER>IBVS·SIT·EGESTVS

16. Codex Amiatinus Uncial script (in use from the 4th to the 8th century)
The most authoritative source for the text of the Vulgate, St. Jerome’s 4th century translation from Greek and Hebrew which became the Catholic Church’s official version of the Bible
Written in northern England c. 750 B.C.
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