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THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms.

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Presentation on theme: "THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE LATIN VERB The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - I-form of Present tense - Infinitive (from which the other forms of the Present and also the Imperfect and Future are formed) - I-form of Perfect (from which the other forms of the Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect are formed) - Perfect Participle (from which the Passive Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect are formed)

2 EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARY ENTRIES
amō -āre -āvī -ātum love moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn videō -ēre vīdī vīsum see vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear, listen capiō -ere cēpī captum capture Notice that to save space, some dictionaries do not repeat the letters before the ending if they do not change in the other parts of the verb.

3 PRESENT TENSE The endings in nearly all verbs are:
ō/m (I) s (you –singular) t (he/she/it) mus (we) tis (you –plural) nt (they) The endings are normally linked to the verb by the signature vowel for each conjugation

4 These endings survive in modern Italian, but with changes
The Italian endings are: o i a or e iamo ate or ete or ite ono

5 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō

6 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō amās

7 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō amās amat

8 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō amās amat amāmus

9 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō amās amat amāmus amātis

10 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō amās amat amāmus amātis amant

11 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō

12 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō monēs

13 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō monēs monet

14 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō monēs monet monēmus

15 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō monēs monet monēmus monētis

16 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō monēs monet monēmus monētis monent

17 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō

18 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō regis

19 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō regis regit

20 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō regis regit regimus

21 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō regis regit regimus regitis

22 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō regis regit regimus regitis regunt

23 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō

24 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō audīs

25 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō audīs audit

26 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō audīs audit audīmus

27 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis

28 Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō audīs audit audīmus audītis audiunt

29 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō

30 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō capis

31 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō capis capit

32 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō capis capit capimus

33 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō capis capit capimus capitis

34 Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and infinitive in -ere
capiō capis capit capimus capitis capiunt

35 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum

36 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum es

37 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum es est

38 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum es est sumus

39 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum es est sumus estis

40 PRESENT TENSE OF esse (to be)
sum es est sumus estis sunt

41 Imperfect Tense Verbs in – āre:
ābam - ābās –ābat –ābāmus - ābātis -ābant Verbs in – ēre and most verbs in – ere: -ēbam - ēbās –ēbat –ēbāmus - ēbātis - ēbant Verbs with –iō ending for I-form in Present (including all with infinitive in –īre and a few with infinitive in –ere) -iēbam - iēbās –iēbat –iēbāmus - iēbātis - iēbant The verb esse has the forms eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant

42 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam

43 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam amābās

44 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam amābās amābat

45 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam amābās amābat amābāmus

46 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam amābās amābat amābāmus amābātis

47 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam amābās amābat amābāmus amābātis amābant

48 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbam

49 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam monēbās

50 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam monēbās monēbat

51 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus

52 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus monēbātis

53 Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus monēbātis monēbant

54 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam

55 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam regēbās

56 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam regēbās regēbat

57 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus

58 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus regēbātis

59 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam regēbās regēbat regēbāmus regēbātis regēbant

60 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam

61 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam capiēbās

62 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat

63 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus

64 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus capiēbātis

65 Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō
capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus capiēbātis capiēbant

66 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram

67 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram erās

68 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram erās erat

69 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram erās erat erāmus

70 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram erās erat erāmus erātis

71 Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant

72 Future Tense Verbs in – āre and – ēre use signature vowel plus `b’:
ā/ēbō - ā/ēbis –ā/ēbit –ā/ēbimus - ā/ēbitis -ā/ēbunt Verbs in –ere and -īre add different endings. If they have the ending `-io’ in the present tense (as in the 4th and `3.5th’ group) there is an `i’ before each future ending) -(i)am - (i)ēs –(i)et –(i)ēmus - (i)ētis - (i)ent The verb esse has the forms erō eris erit erimus eritis erunt

73 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō

74 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō amābis

75 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō amābis amābit

76 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō amābis amābit amābimus

77 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō amābis amābit amābimus amābitis

78 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō amābis amābit amābimus amābitis amābunt

79 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō

80 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō monēbis

81 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō monēbis monēbit

82 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus

83 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus monēbitis

84 Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus monēbitis monēbunt

85 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam

86 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam regēs

87 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam regēs reget

88 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam regēs reget regēmus

89 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam regēs reget regēmus regētis

90 Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere
regam regēs reget regēmus regētis regent

91 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam

92 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam capiēs

93 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam capiēs capiet

94 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus

95 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus capiētis

96 Future Tense - verbs in –iō
capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus capiētis capient

97 Future Tense – the verb esse

98 Future Tense – the verb esse
eris

99 Future Tense – the verb esse
eris erit

100 Future Tense – the verb esse
eris erit erimus

101 Future Tense – the verb esse
eris erit erimus eritis

102 Future Tense – the verb esse
eris erit erimus eritis erunt

103 PERFECT TENSE Formed by the perfect base (seen in the second part of the verb in a dictionary) and the endings: -ī -imus -istī -istis -it -ērunt

104 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī

105 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī amāvistī

106 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī amāvistī amāvit

107 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus

108 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus amāvistis

109 PERFECT OF amō -āre -āvī -ātum love
amāvī amāvistī amāvit amāvimus amāvistis amāvērunt

110 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī

111 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī monuistī

112 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī monuistī monuit

113 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī monuistī monuit monuimus

114 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī monuistī monuit monuimus monuistis

115 PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuī monuistī monuit monuimus monuistis monuērunt

116 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

117 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcistī

118 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcistī vīcit

119 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcistī vīcit vīcimus

120 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcistī vīcit vīcimus vīcistis

121 PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcistī vīcit vīcimus vīcistis vīcērunt

122 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī

123 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī audīvistī

124 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī audīvistī audīvit

125 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus

126 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus audīvistis

127 PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī audīvistī audīvit audīvimus audīvistis audīvērunt

128 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be

129 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuistī

130 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuistī fuit

131 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuistī fuit fuimus

132 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuistī fuit fuimus fuistis

133 PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuistī fuit fuimus fuistis fuērunt

134 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram

135 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram amāverās

136 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram amāverās amāverat

137 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus

138 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus amāverātis

139 PLUPERFECT Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāveram amāverās amāverat amāverāmus amāverātis amāverant

140 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram

141 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -ītum warn
monueram monuerās

142 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram monuerās monuerat

143 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus

144 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus monuerātis

145 PLUPERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monueram monuerās monuerat monuerāmus monuerātis monuerant

146 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram

147 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram vīcerās

148 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram vīcerās vīcerat

149 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus

150 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus vīcerātis

151 PLUPERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīceram vīcerās vīcerat vīcerāmus vīcerātis vīcerant

152 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram

153 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram audīverās

154 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram audīverās audīverat

155 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus

156 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus audīverātis

157 PLUPERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram audīverās audīverat audīverāmus audīverātis audīverant

158 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram

159 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram fuerās

160 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram fuerās fuerat

161 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus

162 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus fuerātis

163 PLUPERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fueram fuerās fuerat fuerāmus fuerātis fuerant

164 amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō
FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō

165 amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris
FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris

166 amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit
FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit

167 amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus
FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus

168 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus amāveritis

169 FUTURE PERFECT Formed by adding the Future of esse to the Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum love amāverō amāveris amāverit amāverimus amāveritis amāverint

170 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō

171 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō monueris

172 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō monueris monuerit

173 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus

174 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus monueritis

175 FUTURE PERFECT OF moneō -ēre -uī -itum warn
monuerō monueris monuerit monuerimus monueritis monuerint

176 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō

177 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō vīceris

178 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō vīceris vīcerit

179 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus

180 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus vīceritis vīcerint

181 FUTURE PERFECT OF vincō -ere vīcī victum conquer
vīcerō vīceris vīcerit vīcerimus vīceritis vīcerint

182 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō

183 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō audīveris

184 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō audīveris audīverit

185 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus

186 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus audīveritis

187 FUTURE PERFECT OF audiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō audīveris audīverit audīverimus audīveritis audīverint

188 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō

189 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō fueris

190 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō fueris fuerit

191 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus

192 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō fufuerit fuerimus fueritis eris

193 FUTURE PERFECT OF sum esse fuī be
fuerō fueris fuerit fuerimus fueritis fuerint

194 IMPERATIVE The imperative of the verb is used for giving instructions.
The singular is formed by removing the final -re from the infinitive: amāre > amā tenēre > tenē regere > rege audīre > audī The plural is formed by adding -te to the singular but in the 3rd conjugation the -e at the end of the singular changes to -i before the plural ending: amā > amāte tenē > tenēte rege > regite audī > audīte Three common verbs in the 3rd. conjugation drop the final –e in the singular but have the normal plural ending: dūcere > dūc > dūcite dīcere > dīc > dīcite facere > fac > facite

195 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre INFINITIVE
SINGULAR IMPERATIVE PLURAL

196 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā INFINITIVE
SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā PLURAL

197 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē PLURAL

198 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege PLURAL

199 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape PLURAL

200 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL

201 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL amāte

202 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL amāte tenēte

203 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL amāte tenēte regite

204 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL amāte tenēte regite capite

205 IMPERATIVES - REGULAR amāre tenēre regere capere audīre amā tenē rege
INFINITIVE amāre tenēre regere capere audīre SINGULAR IMPERATIVE amā tenē rege cape audī PLURAL amāte tenēte regite capite audīte

206 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular Plural

207 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc Plural

208 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc dūc Plural

209 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc dūc fac Plural

210 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc dūc fac Plural dīcite

211 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc dūc fac Plural dīcite dūcite

212 IMPERATIVES - IRREGULAR
Infinitive dīcere dūcere facere Singular dīc dūc fac Plural dīcite dūcite facite


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