1. Brazil Roadmap for EV utilization
ABVE
Brazilian Electric Vehicles Association
Challenge Bibendum 2010
Pietro Erber

2. Brazil General Features 2009
Population: 191 million
GDP: US$ 1.6 trillion
Primary Energy Supply: 244 Mtoe
Electricity supply: 510 TWh
Ethanol production: 11 Mtoe
Car & light vehicles sales: 3 million
Motorcycles sales: 1.6 million

3. Electric Vehicles Fundamental Priorities
Environmental improvement
Urban mobility preservation
Reduction of fossil fuels dependence

4. VE Roadmap Main Items Motivation
Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF, INAE, INEE/ABVE,
Concepts, advantages & limitations
Interaction with the power grid
Market penetration
Local production

5. VE Roadmap Motivation Urban environment improvement
GHG emissions reduction
Reduction of diesel consumption
New market for ethanol
Technological & industrial development

6. VE Roadmap Concepts
HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle: onboard generation only
BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle: energy supply only from the power grid
PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle: onboard generation & power grid supply

7. VE Roadmap Advantages Electricity: provided from any source
Efficiency: electric motor, regenerative breaking, improved combustion
Zero or low W2W emissions
Heavy hybrids may use ethanol

8. VE Roadmap Limitations
High upfront cost: scale, batteries
Heavy taxes
Lack of recharge infrastructure
Inadequate information
Resistance to innovation
Off peak charging
Obsolescence risk

9. VE Roadmap Interaction with the Power Grid
VE system: vehicle, charger, power grid
Hourly tariffs for off-peak charging
Batteries interact with the grid: smart grids

10. VE Roadmap Market Penetration
ABVE : 50% in 2025 (HEV 30%)
External factors: fuel prices, power rates, taxes & incentives, public transportation, charging facilities, information
Technological factors: batteries, capacitors, regenerative breaking
Marketing models: transparence and destination

11. VE Roadmap Local Utilization & Production
Initiatives: Challenge Bibendum, SPE/MF, INAE, INEE/ABVE
Context: fast technologic evolution, vague policy definitions, ample opportunities, investment in flex and biodiesel, high fiscal burden
Challenges: investment in new technologies, assembly lines, new inventories, O&M personnel training, obsolescence risk

12. VE Roadmap Local Utilization & Production
Adequacy: type choice according to end use
Incentives for public services EV utilization
Taxes: Reduce present sales & property taxes for EV
Charging infrastructure for plug-ins
Hourly tariffs to stimulate off peak consumption
Smart grid: enhance and exploit EV contribution
Low import taxes for high performance batteries