1. Israeli/Palestinian Conflict

2. Early History Hebrews created the Kingdom of Israel around 1000 BCE
Invaded periodically but Hebrews maintained control until the Romans appeared
Romans took control in 63 CE and kicked out the Jews
Called the land “Palestine”
Ruled the area until late 630s CE
The expulsion of the Jews led to the Jewish diaspora
(the spreading of a people from their original homeland)

3. Muslim Invasion Took control of area from Romans in 636
Mohammed ascended to heaven from Jerusalem
Control the area under one ruler or another until the end of WWI

4. Ottoman Empire Ruled area from 1517 until 1918
Most people in the area spoke Arabic and practiced Islam
Ottoman Empire fought with the Central Powers in WWI and gave up control of Palestine in 1918 to the British

5. Temple of Jerusalem First built by King Solomon in 950 BCE
Destroyed and rebuilt several times
Last destroyed in 70 CE by Romans

7. Temple Mount Site of the Temple of Jerusalem
Place Adam (first human in Judaism and Christianity) was formed
Exact same spot was the innermost chamber of the Temple of Jerusalem
Also the place Mohammed ascended to heaven from
Currently houses the Dome of the Rock (a building)

9. So, in summary…
Temple Mount is an extremely holy place for Jews and Muslims and Christians

10. Israeli/Palestinian Conflict Contiued

11. Zionism Began in the late 1800s
Definition: desire to create a homeland for the Jewish people in what used to be the Kingdom of Israel
This area was currently controlled by the Ottoman Empire and inhabited by Palestinians
Led to increased immigration of European Jews to area

12. Balfour Doctrine Written in 1917
Before Britain received control of Palestine
Official British statement to Zionist leaders saying Britain supported a state for the Jews as long as it did not harm the “civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish citizens of Palestine”
Led to an increase in tensions between Palestinians and Jews
No solution reached

13. Post-WWII (1947)
In the wake of WWII and the Holocaust, great sympathy existed for the Jewish people
UN voted to divide Palestine into two states – UN Resolution 181
Jerusalem was to be an international city owned by neither side
Palestinians (66% of the population) received 45% of the land
Jews (34% of the population) received 55% of the land
Mostly supported by Jews
Mostly not supported by Arabs

15. Arab-Israeli War 1948 UN Resolution 181 of 1947 Civil War
Plan to create two states – Israel and Palestine
Mostly supported by Jews
Mostly not supported by Arabs
Civil War
Jews and Arabs fought against each other in Palestine from Nov until May 1948
Arab-Israeli War
May 14/15 – state of Israel announced
May 14/15 – Neighboring Arab countries attacked

16. 1948 Narratives Worksheet
Read the narratives from both sides of the argument
Answer the questions on the back

17. Results of the Arab-Israeli War
Land taken over by Israel
West Bank occupied by Jordan
Gaza Strip occupied by Egypt
No Palestine

18. Displace People People displaced by the war: UN Resolution 194
About 10 Israeli villages destroyed
About 10,000 Israelis displaced
About 400 Palestinian villages destroyed
About 750,000 Palestinians displaced
UN Resolution 194
UN said that Palestinian refugees “wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors” should be allowed to return “at the earliest practicable date” and that “compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property”
Israel refused
Note: this is still a MAJOR issue

19. 1956: Suez Crisis Suez Canal Major international shipping route
Located in Egypt
Major international shipping route
Controlled by British and French company

20. 1956: Suez Crisis Nationalization Response to Nationalization
Egypt took control of the canal on July 26, 1956
Closed strait leading to Israel
Response to Nationalization
Israel, with backing of French and British troops, invaded the Sinai Peninsula (part of Egypt)
Resolution of the Crisis
US and United Nations forced Israel, Britain, and France to withdraw and return control of Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

22. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
Founded in 1964: Palestinian organization dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state
Charter of PLO stated:
Palestinians had a right to self-determination and were willing to fight to regain their homeland
Jews of Palestinian origin could continue to live within the liberated country of Palestine
Palestine would be secular (non-religious) and democratic
Used guerrilla warfare against Israeli’s
1972 Olympic Massacre
Yasser Arafat was leader of PLO until his death in 2004.

23. War of 1967 – Six-Day War
Israel took control of Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), Gaza Strip West Bank, Golan Heights (Syria)
Size of Israel tripled
Israel kept control of Gaza Strip (from Egypt) and the West Bank (from Jordan) until 1993
Arab governments in Middle East gave three NOs to Israel
No peace
No recognition that the state of Israel exists
No negotiation with Israel
Also demanded a state for the Palestinian people

24. UN Declaration 242 Passed November 22, 1967
Called for a return of the land gained by Israel in Six Day War in return for peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors
Creation of a Palestinian state based on pre-Six Day War borders
Not implemented

25. 1973: Yom Kippur War
Syria and Egypt launched surprise attacks on Israel
Yom Kippur is a high holy day
Gained land initially, then Israel fought back and regained it
America aided Israel
Led OPEC to cut oil supplies to Israel and countries that supported it (USA, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, & Netherlands)

26. 1979: Camp David Accords
Peace treaty signed between Israel & Egypt Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist - first Arab country to do so
Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

27. Sadat (president of Egypt) Executed in 1981

28. In 1987, the PLO, under the leadership of Yasir Arafat, launched the Intifada (uprising)

29. Intifada (Uprising) Widespread campaign of civil disobedience
Use of boycotts & demonstrations
Attacked Israeli soldiers, and rock throwing by unarmed teenagers
Will last until the 1990s with little progress

30. 1993: The Oslo Accords
Portions of the West Bank & Gaza were to be governed by a Palestinian authority led by Yasir Arafat
Attempts at peace today have been hindered by terrorist attacks

32. Terrorist Groups (According to US)
Hamas & Hezbollah: Groups whose goal is the destruction of Israel and the creation of an Islamic Palestinian state
methods include assassination, raids, bombing, and suicide bombing.