1. The War Expands
Chapter 22
Section 1

2. I. Introduction
After declaring war, U.S. needed to mobilized forces
million drafted
2. 6 million volunteered

3. II. War in Europe
Allied position is weak
1. Germany controlled much
of Europe
2. Axis powers confident

4. Europe in 1942

5. B. Battle for North Africa
September 1940 – Mussolini attacks British colony of Egypt and the Suez canal
Would give Axis powers control of oil fields

6. December 1940 – British overran Italian forces
Pushed back into Libya
Captured port city of Tobruk

7. 4. Germany stepped in to help
Doubled size of Afrika Korps
General Erwin Rommel – “Desert Fox”
Pushed British back into Egypt

8. AFRIKA KORPS

9. AFRIKA KORPS

10. C. Hitler invades the Soviet Union
Although Germany had promised not to attack U.S.S.R.
Wanted rich resources of Soviet Union

11. June 22, 1941 – 3.2 million German troops invaded
German invasion caught Soviet army of 5 million by surprise
Soviet army was not well equipped or trained

12. The Great Purge The purge of the army removed three of five
marshals (then equivalent to six-star generals), 13 of 15
army commanders (then equivalent to four- and five-star
generals), eight of nine admirals (the purge fell heavily on
the Navy, who were suspected of exploiting their
opportunities for foreign contacts), 50 of 57 army corps
commanders, 154 out of 186 division commanders, 16 of
16 army commissars, and 25 of 28 army corps
commissars.

13. The Great Purge
The first five Marshals of the Soviet Union in November, (l-r):
Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Semyon Budyonny, Kliment Voroshilov,
Vasily Blyukher, Aleksandr Yegorov. Only Voroshilov and
Budyonny survived the Great Purge.

14. Soviets force to retreat
Scorched-earth policy
a. Scorched-earth = a plan in which a
retreating army burns or destroys
its own crops and other valuable
materials leaving nothing behind
only burnt ground

15. German invasion of USSR

16. German invasion of USSR

17. German invasion of USSR

18. German invasion of USSR

19. Sept. 1941 – Germans laid siege to Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
Blockaded city
Bombed food warehouses
Tried to starve citizens into surrender
240,000 died first winter
Lasted until January 1944

20. f. Over 2 million died

21. October 1941 – German Start attack on Moscow
Winter slowed German progress
German soldiers froze in summer uniforms
By December, reached outskirts of Moscow
Soviet citizens protected city

22. Battle of Moscow

23. Battle of Moscow

24. Battle of Moscow

25. III. Japan continues in War of Expansion
After Pearl Harbor, expansion continued

26. B. New Prime Minister, General Hideki Tojo

27. D. January 1942 – took control of Philippines
FDR ordered Gen. Douglas MacArthur to leave – “I will return”

28. 2. Japan captured 80,000 Filipino and U.S Soldiers at Bataan
Forced them to march 65 miles in heat with little to eat
Between 10,000 and 14,000 died
Bataan Death March

29. Bataan Death March

30. March 1942 – controlled Indonesia May 1942 – British Burma fell
1. Cut off supplies to Chinese
2. Japanese hoped China would surrender but they fought on

31. Buy June of 1942 most of Southeast Asia controlled by Japanese
Now sought India, Australia and New Zealand

32. IV. Allied Strategy
A. U.S., Great Britain and
U.S.S.R. were strongest
Allies
1. Called Big Three
2. Decided to defeat
Germany before Japan

33. Stalin wanted Allies to attack Western Europe
Churchill and FDR agreed to attack Hitler’s weak spots (North Africa and Southern Europe)