1. ARCH 304
History of Architecture II
MODERNISM - Its initial movements
Sofia Sebastian

2. Idea of modern architecture
20th century
Rational
Economy
Functional
Mechanization
Expression of building materials
Louis Sullivan
American
Essay – Ornament in Architecture (1892)
Do not use ornaments in architecture . .
Adolf Loos
Vienna
Travelled to US
Saw buildings of the Chicago School
Pioneer of modern architecture
1908 – Ornament and crime – decoration was offence

3. Unadorned white cubical mass with plain modest window openings
Rationalism
Adolf Loos
Steiner House – 1910
Vienna
Unadorned white cubical mass with plain modest window openings
Street-form façade
RCC .

4. Adolf Loos Moller house
Each element – doors, windows, parapets, cantilevered slabs is carefully arranged
Mezzanines
Multiple ceiling heights
Moller House

5. The modern masters Frank Lloyd wright Le Corbusier
Influenced by Louis Sullivan
James Charnley house
2 storey house
Chicago
Symmetrical design
Central doorway with carved Sullivanesque ornament below a second level loggia with Doric columns
Frank Lloyd wright
Le Corbusier
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius . .

6. Symmetrical design and Sullivanesque ornament
Frank Lloyd Wright
Winslow house
Illinois
Symmetrical design and Sullivanesque ornament
Organized around a central fire place
Horizontal lines
Overhanging hipped roof
Eaves at window heads in the second floor
Building hugs the ground
Chimney mass more horizontal than vertical . .

7. Frank Lloyd Wright – Prairie Houses Ward Willit’s house Illinois
Cruciform plan – extending into the landscape – organic to the landscape
Horizontal lines
Overhanging eaves of the roof line
Eaves to the level of the window head
Exterior stucco banded by horizontal strips of dark wood
Diminishing chimney height . .

8. Frank Lloyd Wright – Prairie Houses Kaufmann house Falling Waters
Illinois
Visual link between the interior and exterior through a series of balconies cantilevered off the major living spaces . .

9. Frank Lloyd Wright – Prairie Houses
Robie House -1909
Privacy from the street
3 storeys
Garage, playroom and service – Ground floor
Living and Dining – 1st floor
Bedrooms – 2nd floor
Low wall in front
Elevated windows + balcony gave the privacy
Balcony and low walls – horizontality
Bricks . .

10. Frank Lloyd Wright – Prairie Houses
Robie House
Plan organized around chimney
Living and dining room is one linear space

11. Frank Lloyd Wright – Early Public buildings
Larkin Building, Buffalo, New York ( 1904)
Office
6 storey
Skylit atriums
high windows
Plantings – either end of the atrium
Uninterrupted vertical brick mass except for the string course

12. Frank Lloyd Wright – Early Public buildings
Geometric ornament
Unity Temple, Oak Park, United States (1906)
Busy street – turned the building inward – reduce noise
2 elements of the church –worship space – auditorium
and Unity house - classrooms, kitchen
Worship house has 2 levels of balconies on 3 sides
Light high in the wall
In situ concrete

13. Frank Lloyd Wright – Flight from America
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo
Ingenious foundation
Cantilevered structural system
Complex form
Decorative
Elementary geometries of circles and rectangles

14. Deutscher Werkbund
transform the education of craftspeople so a body of skilled artisans would be available to carry out its designs
To improve the competence of German companies in global markets
To integrate traditional crafts and industrial mass production techniques
To compete with England and United States
German Work Union of artists, architects, designers and industrialists founded in 1907 by Hermann Muthesius, Peter Behrens, and Fritz Schumacher,
Not really an artistic movement
differed from the other Arts and Crafts movements by allying artists and architects with industrialists.
bring the talents of artists to bear on industrial products. . .

15. AEG Turbine Factory - Giant electric company
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III – Lecture 2 - MODERNISM - Its initial movements
demonstrates his extensive and innovative use of glass and poured concrete.
Deutscher Werkbund .
AEG Turbine Factory - Giant electric company
Combines sloping walls of glass with massive masonry corner elements
Light steel frames of the street façade form one of the earliest curtain walls
Faceted gable roof
Peter Behrens served as a bridge between more traditional architecture and the Expressionist approach.
In his private practice he employed three architects of the 20th century – Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier.
Here the structural elements are presented in a direct and rational manner and the window treatment is lively and functional.