1. Chapter 7 Section 2 Revolution Brings Reform & Terror
Objective: Examine the political reforms in France & describe the Reign of Terror
Vocabulary: Legislative Assembly, Émigré, Sans-Culotte, Jacobin, Guillotine, Maximilien Robespierre, & Reign of Terror

2. Setting the Stage
The Nobles & officers of the Church were equally afraid of the Great Fear
Some of the nobility decided to meet with the National Assembly & responded to the uprisings in an emotional late-night meeting
What were the 3 Estates?

3. Check for Understanding
Match the following Estates
Nobles
Church
Everyone Else/Peasants
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate

4. The Assembly Reforms France
Nobleman spoke about their love of liberty & equality
Motivated by fear, nobles joined other members of the National Assembly
The National Assembly wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen (1789)
Commoners were now considered equal to the nobles & clergy ending the Old Regime
Their ideas were influenced by the Declaration of Independence
Liberty, Equality, & Fraternity
The meeting happened on August 4th 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen were influence by the Declaration of Independence
A women published a declaration of the rights of women, her ideas were rejected, & she was executed being considered an enemy of the revolution.
Who had the power within these declaration?
What is a fraternity?

5. A State-Controlled Church
The Catholic Church lost its lands & its political independence in France
The sale of Church lands helped pay off some of France’s huge debt
King Louis XVI pondered his fate as a monarch
June 1791, the royal family tried to escape from France, however they were apprehended & returned to Paris under guard
His failed attempted escaped sealed Louis’s fate
The assembly took over Church lands
Many peasants actually were upset about the assembly’s actions because they were devout Catholics
Why would his attempted escape seal this fate of death?

6. Divisions Develop
In September 1791, the National Assembly completed a new constitution
King Louis XVI reluctantly approve the document, which created a constitutional monarchy
The constitution created the Legislative Assembly – where they had the power to create laws
However, the king still held executive power to enforce laws
The creation of the constitution took 2 years
Which branch of government similar to?

7. Check for Understanding
Which Enlightenment Philosopher believed in the separation of power between different branches of government?
Voltaire
Locke
Montesquieu
Sentence starter: ________ was the enlightenment philosopher that believed in separation of power

8. Factions Split France
Problems such as food shortages & government debt still remained
Radicals in the Legislative Assembly wanted to get rid of the monarchy all together
However, emigres (nobles) who fled France, hoped to restore the Old Regime
Parisian workers & small shoe- keepers called sans-culottes wanted to bring greater changes to France
The Legislative Group broke into 3 groups (Radicals, Moderates, & Conservatives)

9. War & Execution
Monarchs & nobles in many European countries watched the changes taking place in France with fear
Austria & Prussia urged the French to restore Louis to an absolute monarch
The Legislative Assembly declared war against Prussia & Austria in April 1792

10. France at War Prussian forces were advancing on Paris
Their commander threatened to destroy Paris if anything happened to the royal family
In retaliation, a mob imprisoned Louis, Marie Antoinette, & their children
The mob murdered over prisoners that were supporters of the king
In 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy & France was declared a republic
What is a republic?
How do people vote?

11. Jacobins Take Control
Most of the people involved in the governmental changes in September were members of a radical political organization, the Jacobin
The National Convention had reduced Louis XVI’s role as a king to a prisoner
Radical Jacobins, tried Louis XVI for treason & found him guilty
On January 21, 1793, the former king was beheaded by the guillotine
The most famous Jacobin Jean-Paul Marat called for the death of all those who supported the king
Marie Antoinette was executed October 16th 1793
Her son died 2 years later at the age of 10

12. Check for Understanding
A Republic is where citizens vote through
A King
Representatives
Individually
Sentence starter: A republic is where citizens vote through _____________________.

13. The War Continues
The Convention continued the war against Prussia & Austria
In 1793, Great Britain, Holland, & Spain joined Prussia & Austria against France
To reinforce the French army, Jacobin leaders ordered a draft of French citizens
By 1794, France’s army had grown from 300,000 to 800,000 & included women
Everyone was drafted from the age of 18 to 40

14. The Terror Grips France
Maximilien Robespierre slowly gained power
His followers dramatically changed every aspect of French life, including the calendar
Reign of Terror – period of time when Robespierre ruled France as a dictator
People were tried in the morning & executed at night
40,000 people were executed during the reign of terror
They removed Sundays since it was connected to the Church
Georges Danton who was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution was tried by Robespierre & he defended himself so skillfully that they denied him the right to speak

15. Check for Understanding
Which item do you think most people were executed with in France?
Sentence starter: The french used __________ to execute people in France.

16. End of the Terror
Fearing for their own safety, some members of the National Convention turned on Robespierre
The radical phase of the French Revolution ended on July with the execution of Robespierre
Moderate leaders drafted a new plan of government