1. We are done with written bell work Please remove the Mammal notes worksheet from your folder and read it over, while I take attendance

2. Date
5/20/13
Subject
Zoology
Benchmarks
SC.912.L.15.6
SC.912.L.15.7
Bell work
Read over today’s activity
Objective
Identify features that define all mammals
Agenda
Senior exemptions
Bill Nye: Mammals
Introduction to mammals (PPT) and notes
Essential Question
What characteristics distinguish the 3 major subclasses of mammals?
Vocabulary
multicellular, heterotroph, eukaryotic, endothermic, viviparous
Ticket Out: Complete notes
Homework: Final Exam Review

3. If you are a senior, please have your form out for me to collect and sign. I will take care of that while you are working on your notes.

4. MAMMALS

6. Kingdom
Animalia
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Eukaryotic
No Cell Wall

7. Phylum
Chordata
Dorsal nerve chord

8. Subphylum Vertebrata Dorsal nerve chord surrounded by vertebrae
Endoskeleton

9. Class Mammalia Are endothermic— “warm-blooded” ** have body hair
Have a diaphragm for breathing
**females secrete milk from mammary glands to feed newborn young
Have a 4-chambered heart

10. Mammalia (continued)
Have a single lower jawbone (usually 4 kinds of teeth)
Are viviparous—females carry their young in the uterus & give birth to live young.
Many have highly developed brains

11. Mammals Characteristics body structure hair specialized teeth
mice, ferret
elephants, bats whales, humans
Characteristics
body structure
hair
specialized teeth
body function
lungs, diaphragm; negative pressure
four-chambered heart
endotherms
reproduction
internal fertilization
internal development in uterus
nourishment through placenta
birth live young
mammary glands make milk
muscles
contract
diaphragm
contracts

12. Mammals Sub-Classes monotremes marsupials placental egg-laying mammals
lack placenta & true nipples
duckbilled platypus, echidna
marsupials
pouched mammals
offspring feed from nipples in pouch
short-lived placenta
koala, kangaroo, opossum
placental
true placenta
nutrient & waste filter
shrews, bats, whales, humans

13. Sub-class Monotremata
Called “monotremes”
Egg-layers
lack placenta & true nipples
duckbilled platypus, echidna
Example: duck-billed platypus, echnida

14. Sub-class Marsupialia
Called “marsupials”
pouched mammals
offspring feed from nipples in pouch form completion of young’s development
short-lived placenta
Examples: Kangaroo, koala & opossum

15. Sub-class Placentals
Young develops a placenta to interface with the mother’s uterine wall.
Used for the transfer of materials—oxygen & carbon dioxide, nutrients & nitrogen waste.
Examples: shrews, bats, whales, humans

16. Sub-Class Placenta Orders:
Insectivores
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Edentata
Chiroptera
Carnivora
Artiodactyla
Perissodactyla
Proboscidae
Cetacea
Sirenia
Pinnipedia
Primates

17. Insectivora Called: “Insectivores” “insect-eaters”
Have long snouts, short dense fur
5 toes on each foot
Examples: shrews & moles

18. Rodentia Gnawing animals
Have only 2 pairs of incisors—1 upper & 1 lower—& no canines, leaving a wide gap between incisors & molars.
Incisors enameled
The upper teeth rub against the lower ones & wear away the softer inner surface, producing a short, chisel-like, edge ideal for gnawing.

19. Rodentia (continued)
The incisors grow continuously throughout the animal’s life -- if they didn’t, they’d be worn away,
Rodents must gnaw enough to keep the incisors from growing too long.

20. Rodentia (continued)
Eyes are bulbous & placed high on the side of the head, to detect danger over a wide area
4 toes on their front feet & 5 in back
Examples: chipmunks, marmots, squirrels, mice, rats, muskrats, voles, porcupines, & beavers.

21. Lagomorpha
Resemble rodents but have 4 upper incisor teeth—a large front pair & a small pair directly behind them.
Like rodents, the incisors grow continuously, so they must gnaw constantly
5 toes on their feet
Examples: rabbits & hares

22. Edentata
“without teeth”
Examples: armadillo, anteater, sloth

23. Chiroptera “finger wing” Enlarged membrane-covered forelimbs
The only mammal that truly flies.
Examples: bats

24. Carnivora “meat-eater” Long canine teeth for stabbing prey
Sharp cheek teeth for slicing meat.
None truly hibernates even though some den-up & sleep soundly during the cold
Examples: bears, coyotes, wolves, foxes, weasels, raccoons, cats, dogs.

25. Artiodactyla “even”– “ digits” Even-toed hoofed mammals
Hoofs in two’s or fours—a cloven hoof
Examples: elk, deer, bison, caribou, moose

26. Perissodactyla
“odd”—”digits”
Solid hoof mammals
Examples: horses

27. Proboscidea
“trunked nose”
Examples: elephants

28. Cetacea
Examples: whales & dolphins

29. Sirenia
“sea cows”
Example: manatee

30. Pinnipedia “water carnivores” Name means “feather foot”
Examples: seals

31. Primates
“opposable thumb”
Examples: man, monkeys, apes

32. Marine Mammals Cetacea—Order of Whales (Whales, dolphins & porpoises)
Mysticeti Odontoceti
(Baleen Whales) (Toothed whales)

33. Marine Mammals cont’d Whales: Warm-blooded 37 o C. (99o F)
Breathe air with lungs
Move tails up & down (unlike fish)
Tail is called a fluke

34. Odontoceti: Toothed Whales
Jaws lined with simple, pointed teeth
Hunt actively for fish, squid, seals & sometimes other whales
Examples:
Narwhal
Beluga
Dophins & porpoises
Orcas
Sperm whales

35. Mysticeti: Baleen Whales
Mouth lined with giant flexible combs called baleen
Filter fish (herring) and crustaceans (krill) from the water

36. Three types of baleen whales
Rorquals—have folds or pleats in their underchin for collecting large amounts of water when feeding. (humpback, fin & minke whales)
Gray—bottom feeder
Right—slow moving plankton feeder

37. Whale anatomy Streamlined fishlike body
Front-limbs modified into flippers
Broad horizontal fluke provides propulsion (upstroke is the power stroke)
Thick layer of fat called “blubber”
Aids in buoyancy
Source of stored energy
Helps preserve body heat

38. Anatomy continued
Skin has no sweat or oil glands and is nearly devoid of hair. Smooth, rubbery to touch.
Have lungs. Breathe not through their mouths, but rather through a nostril or “blowhole” located on the top of their head
The blowhole opens by a slight muscular contraction. It closes automatically when the muscle relaxes

39. Anatomy continued
Whales are able to drink seawater & yet maintain low salt concentrations in their body fluids.
Can store very high oxygen concentrations in their blood and muscles—to be used during a dive.
Heart rate slows & arteries constrict to many of the animals organs. This conserves O2 & maintains blood pressure.
Some can hold breath for minutes
Hear in water so have no need of a pinna. External ear is reduced to small slits

40. Mammal Notes
The PowerPoint is on my web site for you to refer to.