1. Science Skills

2. Science A system of knowledge and the methods used to find knowledge
Begins with curiosity & ends with discovery

3. Technology The use of knowledge to solve practical problems
Related to science

4. Figure 3
Branches of Science

5. Scientific Method
An organized plan for gathering, organizing & communicating information
Used for problem solving or to explain an observation

6. Figure 7

7. Figure 7

8. Figure 7

9. Figure 7

10. Figure 7

11. Figure 7

12. Scientific Method Vocabulary
Observation – obtaining information through 5 senses
Hypothesis – a proposed answer to a question
If IV is related to DV then because . . .
Variable – any factor in an experiment that can be changed

13. Controlled Experiment
An experiment in which one variable (IV) is deliberately changed, all other variables are kept constant
Manipulated Variable/Independent Variable (IV) – causes change in another variable
Responding Variable/Dependent Variable (DV) – changes in response to IV
Control (C) – isolates the IV
Controlled Variables (CV) – all variables kept constant in an experiment

14. More Vocabulary Fact – repeatable observations
Law – repeated observations & experiments that summarize patterns in nature
Theory – well-tested explanation for a set of observations (fact & law)
Model – representation of
an object or event

15. Scientific Notation
A way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 & 10 and a power of 10
Makes very large or very small numbers easier to work with
ie. 300,000,000 = 3.0 x 108
= 8.8 x 10-9

16. SI – International System of Units
aka Metric system
Length – straight-line distance between two points (meter – m)
Mass – quantity of matter in an object (gram – g)
Volume – amount of space an object occupies (l x w x h = m3)
Density – ratio of mass : volume (kg/m3)
Temperature – measure of thermal energy Kelvin (K)—Celsius (C)

17. Common SI Measuring Units
Figure 13
Common SI Measuring Units

18. Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting Metrics
Metric Conversion
Metric Prefixes:
Kilo Hecto Deka Object Deci Centi Milli
Object is suffix (meter, gram, liter, second, etc.)
Conversion Acronym:
Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting Metrics

19. Dimensional Analysis
Unit Factor Method/Dimensional Analysis: converting a given result from one system of units to another.
Rules for Dimensional Analysis:
Start with what value is known, proceed to the unknown.
Draw the dimensional lines. (RR Tracks)
Insert the unit relationships. (1 to bigger unit)
Cancel the units.
Multiply across and divide, include units in your answer.

20. = = = = Dimensional Analysis 750 g x 1 kg 750 g g 1 kg 750 1 kg 750 kg
Step1: Find out how kilograms are in 1 gram, 1kg=1000g.
Step 2: Insert numbers into railroad tracks. Solve
Q: 750 g ______ kg
750 g x 1 kg
750 g g 1 kg
750 1 kg
750 kg
750 kg = = = =
0.750
0.750 kg kg
1000
1000 1
1000 g 1
1000 g
1 x 1000

21. = = = = Dimensional Analysis 4 km ______ cm 4 x 1000 x 100 4 4 km
400,000
400,000 cm = =
400,000 cm
400,000 cm 1 1 or or
4 x 105 cm
4 x 105 cm

22. Precision Gauge of how exact a measurement is
Significant figures – all known digits in a measurement
Fewer significant figures less precision
Accuracy – closeness of measurement to actual value

23. Scientific Data and Analysis
GRAPHING:
Scientific Data and Analysis

24. GRAPHING: Graphs are pictures of data
Graphs are tools for presenting lots of info in a small space

25. GRAPHING There are THREE types of graphs:
Circle
Bar
Line
Each type shows data in a different way
PURPOSE: to compare numbers (numerical data)

26. GRAPHING Circle Graphs: a.k.a. Pie Charts
Show how a part (percent, fraction, or share) relates to the whole

27. GRAPHING: Line & Bar Graphs
Have an x-axis (horizontal) and a y-axis (vertical)
Each axis is a scale ranging from lowest number (data value) to highest

28. GRAPHING All Line and Bar Graphs Need: Title that describes graph
Labeled and Numbered X and Y Axes

29. GRAPHING
Bar Graphs
Compare measurements, amounts, changes

30. GRAPHING: Group Bar Graph
Also compares groups of data
NEEDS A KEY

31. GRAPHING
Line Graphs
Show a relationship between TWO factors– excellent for showing changes, trends, patterns.
Allow you to graph more than one set of data on a single graph
MOST IMPORTANT: allow you to answer “IF/THEN” questions

32. GRAPHING: line graphs
IF the size of the moon is related to dogs barking, THEN a dog will bark more closer to the full moon because it is bigger.

33. Figure 21: Mass vs. Volume of Water – DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
The slope tells the relationship between the variables.

34. Figure 21: Distance vs. Light Intensity – INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

35. GRAPHING: Multiple Line Graph
Compares different sets of data
NEEDS A KEY

36. WHAT IS WRONG WITH THESE GRAPHS?!
GRAPHING
WHAT IS WRONG WITH THESE GRAPHS?!

37. THE X AND Y AXES ARE NOT LABELLED!!!!

38. NO TITLE!!!!!!!

39. Y AXIS IS NOT NUMBERED

40. X AXIS HAS NO VALUES!!!!

41. Works Cited Physical Science Concepts In Action bell.sandi.net
solfire.com
partyfranke.de