1. U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program
NOLES 2016 Briefing
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. UNCLASSIFIED 1

2. Counter Personnel/ Vessel Stopping
Historical Backdrop
Then
Now
Kent State
Counter Personnel
Vehicle Stopping
Los Angeles Riots
Counter Personnel/ Vessel Stopping
Somalia

3. Reverting Back to the “New Normal”
Non-Lethal Weapons Utility
in Contemporary Operations
1996 to Present
United Shield ‒ Somalia
Bosnia and Kosovo
Haiti
OIF and OEF
Reverting Back to the “New Normal”

4. Department of Defense NLW Definition
“Weapons, devices and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Non-lethal weapons are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or materiel.”
Representative Mission Applications
Vehicle/Vessel Stopping
Clearing Structures/Facilities
Urban Operations
Check-Point/Convoy Security
Crowd Control
Facility Security
Maritime Security
Support to Civil Authorities
Detainee Operations
Non-Lethal Weapons: “Weapons, devices and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Non-lethal weapons are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or material.” (DODD E)
United Shield - Somalia
Bosnia and Kosovo
Haiti
OIF and OEF
Middle Picture: U.S. Marines from India Battery, 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment, hold back civilians during the riot control portion of a noncombatant evacuation operation exercise at Camp Pendleton, Calif., Jan. 22, Marines with 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment provide security and process combatants during the exercise, which is designed to prepare the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit for an upcoming deployment. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Kevin N. McCall) (Released)

5. Escalation of Force
EOF is defined as sequential actions that begin with nonlethal force measures (visual signals to include flags, spotlights, lasers, and pyrotechnics) and may graduate to lethal measures (direct action) to include warning, disabling, or deadly shots to defeat a threat and protect the force.
EOF definition cited from - Escalation of force (EOF) Handbook: Afghanistan, No , Dec 09
Defensive actions are defined as EOF procedures that terminate with successful employment of nonlethal means (hand-and-arm signals, colored flags, spotlights, pyrotechnics, or any other available resource).
EOF procedures are not a substitute for but are a part of the rules of engagement (ROE). EOF is an aspect of the ROE that helps commanders and Soldiers apply ROE principles for self-defense, use of force, military necessity, proportionality, and unnecessary suffering.

6. Force Continuum “NLWs Provide Operating Forces Needed Capabilities”
“Increasing RANGE increases OPTIONS”
Target selected
individuals
Control group
movements
Secure without Destroying
Clear
personnel

7. Required Non-Lethal Capabilities
Counter Personnel Tasks:
Deny areas to individuals
Move individuals
Disable individuals
Suppress individuals
Counter Materiel Tasks:
Stop/disable vehicles
Stop/disable vessels
Stop/disable/divert aircraft
Deny access to a facility

8. Non-Lethal Potential Applications: Facility Security
Detect
Delay
Deny
Defeat
Protection of Facilities, Embassies, Critical Infrastructure
NL effects: Acoustic, Laser Dazzler, Blunt Trauma Munitions, Taser

9. Non-Lethal Potential Applications: Maritime Operations
Detect
Delay
Deny
Defeat
Harbor, Port Security, Small Craft Interdiction, Anti-Piracy
NL effects: Acoustic Laser Dazzler, Warning Munitions, Entangling Nets

10. Potential Application: Humanitarian Ops
Food Distribution, Medical Supplies Distribution, Migrant Interdiction
During humanitarian operations, the people that we are trying to help are often driven by hunger or a tremendous need for the medical supplies, water, or other items that we are providing. Crowds often rush the distribution sites causing an unsafe situation for both the recipients of the aid and the troops that are distributing the items. Various non-lethal systems could be used to help control these situations and prevent unnecessary injuries and deaths.

11. Non-Lethal Weapons in Use
12 Gauge / 40 MM Point, Area and Warning Munitions
FN303
Optical Distractors
Washable Paint
Training
Permanent Paint
66mm Vehicle
Launched NL
Grenades
X-26 TASER
Modular Crowd Control Munitions
Flash Bang Grenades
Portable Vehicle
Arresting Barrier
Vehicle Lightweight
Arresting Device
Stingball Grenades &
Launch Cups
Acoustic Hailing
Devices
Pen Flares
Close-in, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic Effects

12. GG04 Stingball Grenade with Launch Cup
NL Weapons, Munitions & Devices Range Overview
METERS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
100
200
300
400
600
1000
Joint Warning Munitions
Shotgun
Launched
Stingball
Grenade
Precision Challenge
Area
GG04 Stingball Grenade with Launch Cup
12 GA
Fin Stabilized
Point
Extended Range Marking Munition (Developmental)
Point
Max Rock Throwing Range
Crowd Dispersal (Army)
Area
Taser
Point
FN303
FN303 Compressed Air Rifle
Point
Sponge Grenade (Army)
Point
Crowd Dispersal
Area
40MM
Joint Warning Munitions
Airburst Non-Lethal Munition (Developmental)
150m (T)
Point
350m (O)
Blunt Trauma
Flash Bang

13. NL Weapons, Munitions & Devices Range Overview
METERS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
100
200
300
400
600
1000
(Night time)
LA-9/P
Max Rock Throwing Range
(Daytime)
Dazzling
Lasers
Green Laser
Interdiction System
(Night time)
(Daytime)
Precision Challenge
Area
Modular Crowd Control Munition
Area
60 Degree Dispersal Angle
Venom
40MM
Area
MPM
66MM
(Developmental)
500m (O)
Area m (T)
Invisible Millimeter Wave Directed Energy Beam
Active Denial System
Invisible Millimeter Wave Directed Energy Beam
Solid State Active
Denial System
(Developmental)
Blunt Trauma
Flash Bang
Active Denial Technology
Optical

14. Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Effect Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic
Near-Term
Airburst Non-Lethal Munition
40 mm round for use in systems as the M203 grenade launcher
Has a fuel enriched pyrotechnic payload, proximity airburst and selectable delay option fuse
Designed to deny access into/out of an area to individuals, move individuals through and area and suppress individuals
Potential to support multiple missions:
Force protection
Room Clearing/denial
Crowd control
Offensive and defensive operations
Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Effect
Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic

15. Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic
Near-Term
Commercial/Non-Developmental Item
Fills the requirement for a non-damaging dazzling laser
Employed during the escalation-of-force continuum to deliver a glare effect to warn and/or suppress targeted personnel from 10 meters to 500 meters
Ocular Interrupter
Greater light output and duration
Improved environmental, health, and safety compliance
Used as a counter-personnel tool to move/deny/suppress individuals in breaching and/or other non-lethal force operations
Improved Flash-Bang Grenade
Focused on a commercial solution
Flash bang / diversionary grenade that has the capability to bang multiple times within an area to serve as a diversion / distraction
Multi-Bang
Flash-Bang Grenade
Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic

16. Increase Range, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic
Mid-Term
Indirect Fire Munition (IDFM) 81mm Mortar Munition Program
IDFM provides the following capabilities that do not currently exist:
Based upon modification to current illumination mortar munition
The ability to suppress (distract, disorient, and degrade) and mark potential threats, with an indirect fire non-lethal effect, at ranges greater than anything currently fielded.
Successfully tested mortar to ranges 400m to 1,500m
Ranges up to 4,200m being tested in 2016
ARDEC investigated and determined that it is feasible to incorporate the 81mm IDFM technology into a 60mm Mortar Cartridge
Compatible with existing M224 60mm Mortar System
Expected ranges similar to 60mm High Explosive (HE) Cartridges
Designs similar to those tested in 81mm Non-Lethal IDFM
Increase Range, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic

17. Future Counter-Personnel
Millimeter Wave Active Denial Technology
Directed Energy capability to deter potentially hostile personnel
Provides several advantages over existing non-lethal capabilities including extended range
Concept and Laboratory Testing
(1989)
Concept Demonstrator
(2000)
System 1
System 2
Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration
Long Range (~1000m)
Large Spot 1.5m
(2002 – 2012+)
Short/Med-range (~ m) and small-spot systems
(2017 +)
DoD Directed Energy Investment

18. Future: Counter-Personnel
Active Denial System
Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator
Proven Effects – 95 GHz effects
Effective at long-ranges
Compact ADT
Demonstrate the same effectiveness in an operationally suitable configuration
Develop a compact, lightweight second harmonic Gyrotron with a room temperature electropermagnet
Solid State (SS) ADT
Develop a compact, self-contained,
NL SS-ADT demonstrator
Significant reduction in size and weight
Cost sharing effort between Army Research
and Development Center and JNLWP
DoD Directed Energy Investment

19. Future: Counter-Materiel
Radio Frequency Vehicle and Vessel Stopper
Directed Energy capabilities for stopping vehicles and vessels
Provides several advantages over existing non-lethal capabilities with extended range, ability to hold vehicles immobilized until released, and safe and reversible effects
A long-range compact single frequency system is available for vehicle and vessel stopping demonstrations
Size/weight to allow integration onto multiple platforms
Laboratory Breadboard
SIZE: 1360ft3
WEIGHT: 9500 lbs
FY08–FY11
Long Range Demonstrator
SIZE: 895 ft3
WEIGHT: 9500 lbs
FY12
SIZE: 358 ft3
WEIGHT: 7938 lbs
FY 13
SIZE: 130 ft3
WEIGHT: 4260 lbs
FY 14
SIZE: <130 ft3
WEIGHT: <4260 lbs
Future
DoD Directed Energy Investment

20. Directed Energy Investment
Strengths
Range
Speed of delivery
Precision
engagement
Controlled effects
Logistics
Weaknesses
Size and weight
Source Technology
Power requirements
Ruggedization
Opportunity
Directed Energy Lead
Game changer
Addresses multiple applications
Threats
Misperceptions
Initial Prototype Costs
Limited leverage
New Battlefield effects
Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in
minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

21. Demonstrators Distributed Sound and Light Array (DSLA)
Acoustical and optical device
Provides hailing and warning capabilities
Combined effects of two integrated sensory stimulators
Pre-Emplaced Electrical Vehicle Stopper (PEVS)
Pre-emplaced, electric, direct injection system
Non-lethally stop vehicles at significant keep-out ranges
Reduces risk to personnel from vehicle-born IEDs
RF Vehicle Stopper
Fixed or Mobile 21

22. Demonstrators Pre-Emplaced Electrical Vehicle Stopper (PEVS)
Pre-emplaced, electric, direct injection system
Non-lethally stop vehicles at significant keep-out ranges
Reduces risk to personnel from vehicle-born IEDs
Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in
minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

23. Non-Lethal Weapons Summary
Provide operating forces with escalation-of- force options while minimizing casualties and collateral damage
Always have lethal force overwatch/back-up
Help fill the gap between shouting and shooting
Offer options across the full spectrum of conflict
Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in
minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

24. QUESTIONS
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. UNCLASSIFIED