1. 18-2 Radical Revolution and Reaction

2. New Constitution and New Fears
New constitution limited king’s power
Legislative assembly would make the laws
Only “active” citizen – men over 25 who paid a certain amount of taxes – could vote
Only relatively wealthy people could serve as deputies
Old regime was destroyed, but the new gov’t was not universally popular
The poor wanted more reform
The king hated losing his power, so he and his family try to escape to Austria

3. War w/Austria
People didn’t trust king even when he said he would follow constitution
Austria and Prussia threatened to bring king’s power back
War breaks out and France starts to lose
Radicals from Paris take the king captive
Rise of sans-culottes

4. The move to radicalism
King remains on throne after his attempt to escape
Another chaotic year passes (food shortages, and rumors of royalist conspiracies)
Monarchy is over
Sans-culottes attack the palace
September massacres b/c rumors of nobles conspiracy to end revolution

5. The First Republic
Newly elected National Convention met to draft new constitution
Abolished monarchy and established a republic (French Republic)
France divided into 3 groups: Girondins (keep king alive), Jacobins (kill king) and people in b/w
Pass decree to kill king

6. Crises and Responses
Domestic problems - More uprising b/c people didn’t accept authority of Convention
External problems – foreign countries took arms against France b/c king was killed
Committee of Public Safety took up power to continue revolution; their policies will become known as Reign of Terror led by Maximilien Roberspierre
Killed anyone suspected of being a traitor (including the queen)
40,000 people were killed (mostly from 3rd Estate)

8. The Republic of Virtue
Robespierre wanted to setup The Republic of Virtue (a democratic republic composed of good citizens)
People called “citizen” and “citizeness” instead of “mister” and “madame”
Good citizens formed by good education, but not widely implemented
Abolished slavery in French colonies
Women were not allowed to participate in politics
De-Christianization – use reason instead of religion
Adopted new calendar (10 day week)

9. A nation in arms
Setup a large army (the largest in Europe at the time)
Stopped foreign invasion
Fearing they would be next to die, the deputies in National Convention condemned Robespierre to death; end of Reign of Terror

10. New government Restricted the power of Committee of Public Safety
Churches allowed to re-open
New constitution created
2 legislative houses (one to draft laws, and the second to accept or reject proposals)
Executive was committee of 5 called Directory; very corrupt
Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory in coup d'état and rose to power