1. Dr Sanjay Manohar University of Cambridge 2001 http://www.smanohar.com
Motor Systems
Dr Sanjay Manohar
University of Cambridge 2001

2. Spinal reflex arcs Reflex arc Monosynaptic (spindle) Interneurone
Golgi tendon organ (clasp-knife)
Ia interneurone
Renshaw autoinhibition
Antagonist inhibition
Polysynaptic (flexor)

3. Basal ganglia Initiation of action Gating Decision making Caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra
Initiation of action
Gating
SNPR-Eye movement
Decision making

4. Motor hierarchy Posture, stepping, standing Spinal nucleus
Reticular formation
Vestibular nucleus limb extension
Red nucleus limb flexion
Cerebellum

5. Cerebellar pathways

6. Cerebellar circuits

7. Cerebellar circuits

8. Cerebellum Paleocerebellum (vermis) Archicerebellum (tonsil)
Spinocerebellum, anterior lobe
Spinal c. (Clarke's column) > Fastigial n., red n.
Archicerebellum (tonsil)
Vestibulocerebellum, flocculonodular lobe
Vestibular n. > Emboliform n., Vestibular n.
Neocerebellum
lateral hemisphere
pons, inf. olive > Dentate n., VA/VL, Cx

9. Marr’s theory

10. Motor hierarchy Volition Context Cerebellum Striatum Emotion VA VL
Association
Context Cx
1º Motor
Premotor
Supplementary CX Cx MA
Cerebellum
Striatum
Emotion VA VL
thalamus
thalamus

11. Compare and contrast the roles of cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the control of voluntary movement
Combining
Decomposition
Cx structure, inputs
Sequencing
Dysdiadochokinesia
Rhythm, reciting?
Tuning
Ataxia, VOR
Primary motor
Spasticity
Cortical reflexes
LLR, expectation
Association
Balint, patient DF (Goodale & Milner 92)

12. Motor Cortex

13. SMA vs. PMA
Both
somatotopic map
motor planning
SMA
PMA