1. Movement of Ocean Water
Part 1:Currents
Part 2: Waves
Part 3: Tides

2. Imagine…
You are stranded on a desert island. You stuff a distress message into a bottle and throw it into the ocean. Is there any way to predict where your bottle may land?
Actually, there is a way to predict where the bottle will end up. Ocean water contains stream like movements of water called OCEAN CURRENTS.

3. Movement of Ocean Water
Part 1: Currents

4. Activating Strategy: Watch the video below then answer the questions.
The E.A.C.
Where is this event happening?
What causes the condition shown in the video?
What do you think is the importance of the condition shown?
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should show the video clip while the students answer the two questions. The teacher may want to do this as a Think, Pair, Share. The students would “think” and answer the two questions on their own while watching the video. Then the teacher should spend no more than 2-3 minutes doing “Pair and Share”

5. What do currents and climate have to do with each other?
the ocean is the heated blanket of the earth. Ocean currents carry the heat to different locations around the Earth. The heat is released into the atmosphere creating wind, through convection currents (Hot air rises, cold air falls). This creates different climates in different parts of the Earth.

6. Ocean currents
Ocean Currents: a movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern
Surface currents
Deep Currents
Crash Course: Currents

7. Surface Currents and Deep currents
Surface currents: a horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface
Through global winds, water in the ocean flows in different directions.
Near the equator, the winds blow ocean water east to west, but closer to the poles, ocean water is blown west to east.
Deep currents: a stream like movement of ocean water far below the surface
Not caused by winds
Caused by density (the amount of matter in a given space, or volume
Decrease in temperature and increase in salinity affects the density of ocean water

8. Ocean Currents: Surface Currents
Surface winds and surface currents are affected by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis Effect)
Coriolis Effect Demonstration
Because Earth rotates toward the east, winds appear to curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere
So, currents north of the equator turn to the right and currents south of the equator turn to the left
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.

9. Causes of Currents: Coriolis Effect
The Coriolis Effect: the apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the Earth’s rotation
Coriolis Effect

10. Ocean Currents: Surface Currents
Surface currents move water horizontally – parallel to Earth’s surface
Surface currents are powered by wind
The wind forces the ocean to move in huge, circular patterns There are warm surface currents and cold surface currents
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.

11. Ocean Currents: Surface Currents
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should use the diagram to illustrate surface currents.

12. Surface Currents Review
The ocean absorbs, stores, and moves the sun’s heat (energy)
Surface currents transport this energy all over the world
Surface currents move warmer water into cooler regions and return cooler water to the warmer regions (tropics)
Currents can have a cooling effect on an area’s climate or a warming effect on an area’s climate
As warm water flows from the equator, heat is released into the atmosphere and the air is warmed.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.

13. Causes of Currents: Continental Deflection
Continental Deflection: when water currents meet the continents, the current is deflected (change direction)
Gulf Stream Demonstration Video

14. Temperature and Salinity Affect the Density of Ocean Water.
The video reminded us that the masses of water are moved by wind, but what did they say was the primary cause of ocean currents?
Different densities are responsible for ocean currents. What factors did we learn influence ocean water’s density?
Temperature and Salinity Affect the Density of Ocean Water.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide.

15. Temperature, Salinity and Density review
Ocean depth increases
Density increases
Temperature increases
Salinity increases
Salinity increases
Density increases
Temperature decreases
Density decreases
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should review the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.
Temperature decreases
because cold water is more dense and sinks

16. Deep Current
What causes deep currents to move if the wind doesn’t have an effect on it?
Water density moves the water.
Cold water is more dense and it sinks and moves.
Warm water is less dense and it rises.
Note: surface currents travel much faster than deep ocean currents.

17. Density & Currents
Deep in the ocean, waters circulate not because of wind but because of density differences.
A density current forms when a mass of seawater becomes more dense than the surrounding water.
More dense seawater sinks beneath less dense seawater.
Density currents circulate ocean water slowly.
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.

18. Density Currents
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should present the information on the slide while the students record the important information on their notes.

19. Density Currents
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should use the diagram to illustrate density currents.

20. Density Currents
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should use the diagram to illustrate surface currents and density currents.

21. Temperature Currents Explained
Warm-water currents and climate: warmer climates in coastal areas that would otherwise be much cooler
Gulf stream carries warm water from the Tropics to the North Atlantic Ocean
Cold-water currents and climate: colder climates in areas that would otherwise be much warmer.
California Current carries cold water from the North Pacific Ocean southward to Mexico

22. Upwelling
Upwelling: the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface
Nutrients brought to the surface of the ocean support the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton, that in turn supports other organisms such as fish and seabirds

23. El Nino/la Nina
El Nino: a change in the water temperature in the Pacific Ocean that produces a warm current
La Nina: a change in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface water temperature becomes unusually cool
El Nino/La Nina Video

24. Ocean Currents Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsdH_NRM-CU
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should show the ocean current song video to reinforce the concept of ocean currents

25. Movement of Ocean Water
Part 2: Waves

26. Waves & Currents Video Study Jams Video
Instructional Approach(s): The teacher should show the video to reinforce the concept of waves and currents

27. Waves
Have you ever seen a surfer riding waves? Did you ever wonder where the waves come from? And why are some waves big, while others are small?
We all know what waves look like, but do you know how they are formed?
Wind
Earthquakes
Landslides
Weather
surges

28. Waves are made up of two main parts:
Anatomy of a Wave
Waves are made up of two main parts:
Crests
Troughs

29. Anatomy of a Wave Crests: the highest part of a wave
Trough: the lowest point of a wave

30. Anatomy of a Wave
Wavelength: the distance between two adjacent wave crests or wave troughs
Wave height: the vertical distance between the crest and trough of a wave
Wave period: the time between the passage of two wave crests at a fixed point

31. Wave Movement The ocean has an optical illusion…
As you sit and watch ocean waves, it appears the water is moving in and out. However, waves form as wind blows across the water’s surface and transfers energy to the water.
As energy moves through the water, so do the waves.
The water itself stays behind, rising and falling in circular movements.
Wave Movement Demonstration

32. To calculate wave speed, scientist use wavelength and wave period.
Wave Movement
Waves not only come in different sizes but also travel at different speeds.
To calculate wave speed, scientist use wavelength and wave period.
Wavelength (m)
Wave period (s)
= wave speed (m/s)

33. Waves can be formed by other mechanisms besides wind.
Types of Waves
Waves can be formed by other mechanisms besides wind.
Deep water waves: waves that move in water deeper than one-half their wavelength. When waves reach water that is shallower than their wavelength, they begin to interact with the ocean floor. These waves become shallow water waves. As the waves move from deep water, the water particles slow down and build up. This change forces more water between wave crests and increases wave height. Gravity causes the wave crest down, which causes them to crash into the ocean floor (breakers). The are where the waves begin to break is called the breaker zone. Waves continue to break as they move from the breaker zone to the shore. The area between the breaker zone and the shore is called the surf.

34. Swells: rolling waves that move steadily across the ocean
Open-Ocean Waves
Whitecaps: white, foaming waves with very steep crests that break in the open ocean before the waves get close to the shore
Form during stormy weather
Usually short lived
Swells: rolling waves that move steadily across the ocean
Have longer wavelengths that whitecaps
Can travel for thousands of kilometers

35. Open-Ocean Waves

36. Tsunami
Tsunami: waves that form when a large volume of ocean water is suddenly moved up or down
Earthquake
Volcanic eruptions
Landslides
Underwater explosions
Meteorite or comet impact

37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBa 9bVYKLP0
Storm Surges
Storm surge: a local rise in sea level near the shore that is caused by strong winds from a storm, such as those from a hurricane
9bVYKLP0

38. Movement of Ocean Water
Part 3: Tides

39. Tides are daily changes in the level of the ocean water
Both the Sun and the Moon influence the level of tides

40. Why Tides Happen
The moon’s Gravity pulls on every particle on Earth. However, the Moon’s gravity doesn’t pull on every particle with the same strength.
The part of Earth that faces the moon is pulled toward the moon with greatest force. The water on the side of the Earth that faces the moon bulges toward the moon.
* The difference in the moon’s pull is more noticeable in liquids than in solids because liquids can move more easily.

41. High Tides/low tides
The bulges that form in the oceans because of the moon’s pull are called High Tides.
The water in-between high tides are called Low tides.
The Earth Rotates on its axis, so high tides happen in different places on Earth at different times of day.
Because Earth’s rotation is so predictable, the tides are predictable.
Many places experience two high tides and two low tides per day.
Brief Tidal Overview

42. Spring Tide Tides that have the largest daily tidal range
The sun, the Earth, and the Moon are aligned
New Moon and Full Moon Phases (every 14 days)

43. Neap Tide Tides that have the smallest daily tidal range
The sun, Earth, and the Moon form a 900 angle
During first-quarter and third-quarter phases of the moon

44. Tides
Crash Couse in Tides