1. Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

2. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Chemical (or Molecular) Level
Atoms are the smallest chemical units
Molecules are a group of atoms working together
The Cellular Level
Cells are a group of atoms, molecules, and organelles working together
The Tissue Level
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together
The Organ Level
An organ is a group of different tissues working together

3. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ System Level
An organ system is a group of organs working together
Humans have 11 organ systems
The Organism Level
A human is an organism

4. Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine

5. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Skeletal
Major Organs
Bones
Cartilages
Associated ligaments
Bone marrow
Functions
Provides support and protection for other tissues
Stores calcium and other minerals
Forms blood cells

6. Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary

7. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Cardiovascular
Major Organs
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
Functions
Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved
materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature

8. Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrine

9. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Cardiovascular
Major Organs
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
Functions
Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved
materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature

10. Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) nervous

11. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Digestive
Major Organs
Teeth
Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

12. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Digestive
Functions
Processes and digests food
Absorbs and conserves water
Absorbs nutrients
Stores energy reserves

13. In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except
A) help to maintain homeostasis.
B) respond rapidly to change.
C) direct long-term responses to change.
D) direct very specific responses.
E) interpret sensory information.

14. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Nervous
Major Organs
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
Sense organs
Functions
Directs immediate responses to stimuli
Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

15. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic system

16. 1-5 Levels of Organization
The Organ Systems
Endocrine
Major Organs
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Gonads
Endocrine tissues in other systems
Functions
Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
Controls many structural and functional changes during development
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands

17. The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.

18. 1-6 Homeostasis Homeostasis
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment
Systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range (body temperature, fluid balance)

19. When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.

20. 1-7 Negative and Positive Feedback
The Role of Negative Feedback
The response of the effector negates the stimulus
Body is brought back into homeostasis
Normal range is achieved

21. A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)
A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) hypothalamus.
D) effector.
E) stimulus.

22. 1-6 Homeostasis Receptor Control center Effector Receives the stimulus
Processes the signal and sends instructions
Effector
Carries out instructions

23. An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effectors.

24. 1-6 Homeostasis Receptor Control center Effector Receives the stimulus
Processes the signal and sends instructions
Effector
Carries out instructions

25. Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypgastric
E) right iliac region

26. Figure 1-6b Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions
Right hypochondriac region
Left hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
Hypogastric (pubic) region
Right inguinal region
Left inguinal region
Abdominopelvic regions. The nine abdominopelvic regions provide more precise regional descriptions. 26

27. An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:
A) posterior
B) inferior
C) abdominal
D) anterior
E) superior

28. Figure 1-7 Directional References
Cranial
Superior
Right
Left
Proximal
Posterior or dorsal
Anterior or ventral
Lateral
Medial
Caudal
Proximal
Distal
Distal
Inferior
A lateral view.
An anterior view. Arrows indicate important directional terms used in this text; definitions and descriptions are given in Table 12. 28