1. This work has been produced for DGL (Aust) Pty Ltd
T Risk Assessments
12/03/2010 Rev C
This work has been produced for DGL (Aust) Pty Ltd
This Learning Tool is about the skills and knowledge required for Risk assessment at DGL (Aust) facilities.

2. 12/03/2010 Rev C
Before you get started
It is important that you complete all sections in this learning tool as it has been designed so that
You can abide by the procedures of our organization.
You can apply what you have learnt in this package in your day to day activities
This Learning Tool is designed to be relevant only to DGL (Aust) Pty Ltd employees and only applied whilst employed with DGL (Aust) Pty Ltd
You may have already acquired knowledge in the area identified in this package as you may have completed some specialized training. Or you may have been working within the industry for some time. Should you identify any improvement opportunities in the information contained in this package or have difficulties completing the package please contact
DGL (Aust) Pty Ltd
PO BOX 1594
EAGLE FARM QLD 4009 Ph
Fax

3. Aim This course has been developed to help you understand:
What risk assessment is;
Why we do risk assessments;
How to do a risk assessment.
It is important to remember that risk
assessments are an easy way to ensure
that you have contributed to the prevention of
risk to yourself or others. Risk assessments are not difficult and
can help to create a better work
environment for everyone.

4. What is a risk assessment
12/03/2010 Rev C
A risk assessment is the formal tool for systematically identifying:
What can physically or psychologically injure or damage a person (harm);
The level of possible harm;
What is currently being done to avoid the harm (the Control);
Whether that control will be effective to avoid the harm;
Whether or not additional controls need to be put in place to better avoid the harm.
A Health and Safety Risk Assessment is a process where you identify, assess and control hazards that may affect people at the place of work. The larger and more intense the project, the task, or the space being assessed, the greater the effort needed to complete the Risk Assessment. Effective Risk Assessment in turn helps us to successfully undertake Risk Management.

5. What is risk managment
12/03/2010 Rev C
Risk Management is about identifying risks, implementing the controls, and making a decision whether or not to continue with an activity. The action of the ‘assessment of risk’ is very flexible and there are many fields that use risk assessment within the organisation’s Risk Management Framework. Areas such as finance and credit, accidents and insurances, disasters and security attacks all use the same principles of risk assessment. This module is tailored to managing Health and Safety risks that may affect individuals and outlines the responsibilities of individuals at DGL. The Health and Safety component of the Risk Management Framework uses Health and Safety Risk Assessments to identify practical steps to protect all people from real harm and injury

6. Why Do it
12/03/2010 Rev C
All members of an organisation have roles and responsibilities in keeping the workplace safe. Supervisors and managers are responsible for ensuring the workplace and the activities undertaken by staff and others within their area of supervision, are done safely.
Employees and visitors have a responsibility to:
Follow the procedures developed by the organisation;
Provide input into developing safe procedures;
Suggesting any improvements that could reduce the risk of illness or injury.

7. Reasons for undertaking risk assessments
12/03/2010 Rev C
There are three main reasons for undertaking risk assessments: ethical reasons, financial reasons and legal reasons. Ethical reasons: Any employer is obliged to send its staff home
in the same condition they came to work.
Financial reasons: Injury and illness costs (monetary and
through loss of skills and knowledge) can be a large financial
burden on both the organisation and the individual.
Legal reasons: Employers are legally bound by OHS laws and
an inspector may ask to be shown a risk assessment while
investigating any safety incidents or near misses.

8. Legislative requirements
12/03/2010 Rev C
Occupational Health and Safety Legislation requires that all hazards must be eliminated unless it is not reasonable to do so. In cases where hazards cannot be eliminated, they must be managed according to a set formula called the "Hierarchy of Controls". There are substantial fines for both organisations and individuals for non-compliance with legislative requirements. The DGL manages its responsibilities in regards to Health and Safety through a number of procedures. Risk Assessment is a fundamental part of these procedures as it helps to identify and quantify possible health risks. Risk assessment also helps to prioritise action to reduce the possibility of injuries to employee contractors and and visitors.

9. Who should do a risk assessment
12/03/2010 Rev C
Who should do a risk assessment
Supervisors and Managers - all other staff who have control over activities or spaces - need to have an understanding of risk management and how to conduct a risk assessment of their work area. While the risk assessment may be undertaken by a safety representative, supervisors and managers should also understand how the assessment is conducted and how to provide input so that the assessment is as thorough as possible. It is not sufficient for a risk assessment to have been completed by someone else if it is done on your behalf or for your area without your input. Remember, supervisors and managers remain legally responsible for their area of control.

10. When should a Risk Assessment be done
12/03/2010 Rev C
The legislation requires the employer to assess the risks to employees and to others who are at their place of work and to provide information, instruction and supervision.
As a guidelines list a range of circumstances where risk assessments are required including:
Before setting up and using a workplace;
When planning work processes;
Before installing, commissioning or erecting plant or equipment;
Whenever changes are made to the:
Workplace
System or method of work
Plant or equipment used
Materials used
Whenever new information regarding work processes becomes available.

11. An overview of OHS risk management
12/03/2010 Rev C
Health and Safety (H&S) Risk Management is about looking at risks in the workplace and managing those risks. Although the health and safety legislation places an absolute requirement on an employer and the people who control a workplace, it is not always possible to eliminate all risks (see Note). There are however a number of actions that can be taken to reduce these risks. Some of these steps may include providing quality instruction and training, demonstrations, theoretical assessment with close observation, and close supervision until individuals are deemed competent. For example, in a practical activity if the individual is not able to show the ability to perform the activity safely, or if instruction / supervision is not available, then the risk of injury would be assessed as being too great for the activity to go ahead.

12. An overview of OHS risk management continued
12/03/2010 Rev C
An overview of OHS risk management continued
Good risk management requires hazards to be identified and controlled in a systematic pro-active way. Risk assessment can be a pro-active way of preventing an accident or incident occurring or reoccurring. Under the OH&S legislation everybody has a role in minimising health and safety risks. Once hazards have been identified we need to assess the potential of the hazards to cause harm. Typically, many hazards that are identified have already been controlled through Standard Procedures and processes, or former actions. Where the control doesn’t fully eliminate the potential of the hazard to cause harm, there is a need to assess this remaining hazard. This is done by the use of a Risk Matrix.

13. A Risk Matrix
12/03/2010 Rev C
The Risk Matrix uses the joint outcome of the Potential for the hazard to cause harm, and the Consequence of harm. By assessing the remaining or residual hazards and attaching a resultant rating, we can rank the residual hazards and prioritise resources accordingly. Once we have identified the hazards, assessed the remaining hazards using a matrix, and documented the process, a decision can be made to accept the risk, to stop the activity or project, or to continue to search for better controls. For activities that are to be implemented or to continue, we also formulate an ‘action plan’ to better control hazards. We use the matrix to prioritise activities

14. The goal of assessments
12/03/2010 Rev C
The goal of all risk assessments is to arrive at an outcome where the activity falls into the LOW risk category. Where this has not been achieved, activities may fall into the MEDIUM risk category. These activities should be regularly reviewed and researched as to how the risk may be reduced. Activities in the HIGH risk category are to be reconsidered and discussed with senior management to make a decision as to the benefit / cost of continuing the activity. Those activities that fall in the EXTREME risk category are not to be undertaken in the current form.

15. The action plan
12/03/2010 Rev C
The action plan lists the suggested controls, when the controls need to be in place by, and who is responsible for their implementation. Controls need to be developed using the Hierarchy of Controls (see Note), which seeks to eliminate the hazard as the preferred option. If elimination is not possible then the controls should isolate the hazard from the person through machine guarding, fences or walls or sound dampening devices. Where the above are not possible, introduce change to the equipment or materials, or if this is not possible, introduce changes to the work methods. Finally, the least preferred option, supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be considered. As the use of PPE relies on the individual remembering to use and wear it correctly this therefore has a greater human error factor and should only be used as a temporary control while other more permanent solutions are found and resourced.

16. Documentation
12/03/2010 Rev C
Information we gather on hazards must be recorded by documenting the process. Documentation can be valuable for reviewing procedures, investigating incidents or as evidence to prove that you and that DGL are complying with legislation. If something goes wrong, the Risk Assessment documentation is a useful tool to investigate the cause and what can be improved. It can also be helpful when training or inducting new staff or students to the activity or the work area. Hazard identification, assessment and documentation are a necessary part of maintaining a safe work environment. While the legislation states that 'the employer must ensure the health, safety and welfare...' there needs to be a balance. DGL has developed procedures and processes that are designed to safely manage the nature of these activities. It is necessary however that these processes are implemented and followed to ensure that the individual and DGL effectively manage risks.

17. Where is this documentation at DGL
12/03/2010 Rev C
Stored in the companies intranet are risk assessment registers for all sites and business units. To access go to the QMS tab on the intranet Select the Emergency manuals tab This will bring you to a menu of all risk assessments From here you can follow the hyper link to the site For every procedure in the QMS system there is A risk assessment that relates the document to the site

18. Who updates the information
12/03/2010 Rev C
Members of the HSEQ unit of the organisation Managers are responsible for ensure this risk assessments are up to date. A HSEQ unit member will assist with the process

19. Doing the risk assessment
12/03/2010 Rev C
There are two distinct methods of Risk Assessment: 1. Activity Risk Assessment This assesses each step of the activity. Decide on what it is that needs to be done and list the procedures by steps. Each step needs the risks to be assessed. 2. Chemical Risk Assessment This is a review of the specific chemical. Both the forms and the process can be found on the companies intranet

20. Hazard factors to consider
12/03/2010 Rev C
There are a number of factors to consider when assessing a hazard. These include: Factor 1: The same hazard can often cause more injury / illness to one person than another (e.g. a growing child may be more at risk than an adult). Factor 2: The potential to cause injury / illness can be different for different hazards. Factor 3: Not all hazards take the same time to cause injury / illness; the time duration and event frequency of hazards is often a determining factor when assessing hazard potential (e.g. a carcinogen may take up to 30 years to show symptoms). Factor 4: People often have different perceptions of potential hazards and the damage the hazards can cause.

21. Hazard sources Hazards can arise from: Workplace premises;
12/03/2010 Rev C
Hazards can arise from:
Workplace premises;
Work practices and systems;
Plant and equipment;
Physical working environment.

22. Identifying the Hazard
12/03/2010 Rev C
When looking for hazards consider:
The systems of work comprising of: people, plant and equipment, work methods and procedures, materials, and the work environment;
Suitability of tools, equipment, materials and systems for the task;
How the tools, equipment and materials are used;
The experience of the persons, both those performing the task, or those in the vicinity, while the task is performed;
Potential damages to persons if something goes wrong with any tools, equipment, materials or work systems;
How employees and other people may be affected by any hazards;
How employees and other people may be hurt by chemicals or other damaging energies.

23. Asking the questions – What if?
12/03/2010 Rev C
A simple tool you can use to identify hazards is the question "What if?"
Ask "What could happen if...?" - "What could happen if a young or untrained worker used that machine?"
Ask "What could go wrong if...?" - "What could go wrong if students are left unsupervised?"
"What if" a ten-year-old entered your place of work, what would you warn them to be careful of?

24. Controlling the Hazards
12/03/2010 Rev C
When hazards have been identified, there is a need to ensure that they are managed so that they cannot harm anyone. What we implement to avoid the harm is called the control. Controls are implemented in line with the Hierarchy of Controls discussed previously. Normally these controls are included automatically as past experiences lead us all to informally undertake a risk assessment in our heads prior to doing anything ( In doing the risk assessment, we need to list the controls already implemented, and identify if the hazard remains a risk. This residual risk needs to be assessed. We do this by using the Risk Assessment Matrix (this will be further explained shortly).

25. Assessing the Risk
12/03/2010 Rev C
After identifying the remaining hazards, the next step is to assess the potential risk to health, safety and welfare of persons. Risk here is understood to be the likelihood of injury, illness or death occurring from a hazard. To analyse the risk we use a Risk Assessment Matrix. This helps to organise and document risk in order to aid in instituting controls, determining which hazards pose the greatest risk, and assessing the likelihood and consequences of each hazard’s risk. Additionally, there are other factors to consider when assessing risk. These can include the potential number of people that can be harmed, the duration the risk can remain, the source of the hazard, and individual perceptions of how hazardous different risks are. Each of these will be explained.

26. Risk assessment matrix
12/03/2010 Rev C
The Risk Assessment Matrix (below) is used to assess the level of risk, considering the Likelihood and Consequence of a hazard. When using the Matrix to determine risk, there are four steps to follow:
Step 1 - Determine how likely it is that the residual hazard will cause harm.
Step 2 - Determine how severe the consequence (injury / illness) would be, if the hazard were to cause an incident.
Step 3 - Follow the column (consequence) and row (likelihood) to their meeting point.
Step 4 - Use the outcome (risk) to determine the subsequent action.

27. Risk controlling action
12/03/2010 Rev C
Once the Risk Assessment Matrix has been used to determine the level of risk, appropriate actions must be taken to control the risk. The appropriate actions for each level of risk are outlined below:
For risks rated as HIGH - Additional controls are required. They are to be implemented before the activity commences;
For risks rated as MEDIUM - Additional controls need to be considered.
The goal is to reduce the risk to LOW. Depending on the level of risk, controls are put in place (using the Hierarchy of Controls) to minimise the risk to persons that may be affected.

28. Re-assessing the Risk Level
12/03/2010 Rev C
Once the controls are implemented, the risk is to be reassessed. Only when the risk is reduced to low or zero can the need for ongoing review be considered complete. When assessing the likelihood and severity of potential hazards you may find that the same hazard could lead to several different outcomes. Assessing how likely or severe something is, is often subjective and therefore you can only use your best judgment in assessing risks. The subjectivity of the risk can be minimised with precautions. Also, it is a requirement that those exposed to the hazard are consulted over the outcome of risk assessments. It is also important to keep thorough documentation throughout this process

29. Documenting
12/03/2010 Rev C
By keeping records of assessments you are demonstrating that you are systematically identifying and controlling risks and are improving safety. It shows that you have considered safety in the process and provides a record of that consideration. Should your assessment fail to identify a hazard or the assessment of the risk be shown to be wrong, the documentation will highlight those errors and form a basis for making changes and improvements. By having the documentation, reviews can occur, improvements can be added, and the workload of the review is simplified and streamlined.

30. Ongoing Monitoring – Legislative requirements
12/03/2010 Rev C
Management and employees must consider the OHS implications of all controls introduced that cause changes to plant and equipment, substances and materials and processes. One way of demonstrating this consideration is to constantly monitor and review. Remember you must document the review of the risk analysis to demonstrate legal compliance. The monthly store inspection checklists has a trigger for managers to identify when then risk assessments are next due for there facility.

31. Benefits of ongoing maintenance
12/03/2010 Rev C
Ongoing monitoring and review ensures that the controls have been effective in controlling the hazard. In addition to being a legislative requirement, ongoing monitoring has the following benefits:
Measuring the effectiveness of the risk controls;
Identifying new hazards that may have been subsequently introduced into the system of work;
Validating new controls that may have been successfully introduced into the system of work;
Documented monitoring and review systems provide formal evidence of health and safety compliance;
Contributing to a safer place of work;
Involving those in the workplace in ongoing continual improvement.

32. How to complete a risk assessment
12/03/2010 Rev C
Now that you have a better familiarity with risk assessment and risk management, we will go over how to complete a risk assessment. Step 1 – Go to the DGL Intranet and obtain an risk assessment form in the risk assessment procedure P-320. You will also need to print our the risk matrix tool (T-210).
Step 2
Complete the name of the site, names of the person completing the assessment and the date. You should also try an identify if a QMS procedure and training is already available for the task. (If not should there be? Contact the HSEQ unit for guidance)

33. How to complete a risk assessment
12/03/2010 Rev C
Now that you have a better familiarity with risk assessment and risk management, we will go over how to complete a risk assessment. Step 3 - For a procedure risk assessment, list the process in steps down the first column of the form. For a site risk assessment, list the equipment or materials within the site. If a procedure is complex, break the assessment into parts and undertake a risk assessment on each part.
Step 4 - In column 2, list the hazards that are present in each step of the process or pieces of equipment.
Step 5 – In column 3, list the controls in place to avoid harm from the hazards. Step 6 – In column 4, list the remaining (residual) hazards if they exist. Step 7 – To complete column 5, use the Risk Assessment Matrix to determine the level of each residual (remaining) risk, considering the Likelihood and Consequence.

34. Residual (remaining) risk level
12/03/2010 Rev C
If the remaining risk level is not LOW, further action must be taken, either by implementing further changes, or considering future actions that could be put in place through management practices, in order to reduce the risk. The risk assessment should be updated to reflect the additional controls. Finally, complete the final section of the form and send a copy to the HSEQ unit of DGL
They shall update the QMS system as required
Once the risk assessment has been completed, you should discuss the outcomes with all relevant people, such as supervisors or colleagues who may be exposed to the hazards. You must also ensure that the nominated person authorises the activity

35. Risk Assessment Process summary
12/03/2010 Rev C
Complete the title of the Risk Assessment, the name of the person completing the assessment and the date.
List the process in steps or the equipment or materials within the space.
List the hazards for each of the steps or pieces of equipment.
List the controls.
List the Residual Hazards.
Assess the Risk by using the Matrix.
Complete the Summary section on the first page.
Consult and have signed off.
Regularly review.

36. Summary
12/03/2010 Rev C
Risk assessments are an integral part of managing risk and hazards in the workplace. By completing a thorough risk assessment of work spaces and work activities we hope to create as safe a work environment as possible for everyone. We hope that this module, and the resources provided, have helped you to gain a better understanding, and recognise the value, of risk assessments. If however, you still have any questions regarding Risk Management and Analysis, please contact:
HSEQ unit
Phone:

37. Key point
12/03/2010 Rev C
In warehousing operations the monthly storage checklist asks the manager to ensure his risk assessments are up to date. Auditing by HSEQ unit members look for this to see if the manager is up to date.

38. 11/27/2018
Test your knowledge
Through the following slides you will be asked an number of questions to show that you have understood the content of this learning tool
Please record your answer on the training form F-260.
You will be required to submit the answers to the DGL HSEQ unit

39. Question 1 Why do a risk assessment? a) Because it is easy to do.
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 1
Why do a risk assessment?
a) Because it is easy to do.
b) Any employer owes its workforce a moral duty to.
c) All members of an organisation have a role to do one.
d) Both B & C

40. Question 2 What is risk analysis?
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 2
What is risk analysis?
Where you look at what happened after an incident only
That is only for Managers to think about.
A pro-active way of preventing an accident or incident occurring and can be useful in preventing an incident/accident reoccurring.
A system for keeping record of accidents/incidents.

41. Question 3 What are the two Key principles of Risk Assessment?
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 3
What are the two Key principles of Risk Assessment?
a) Using a risk rating matrix and systematically documenting the process .
b) A risk assessment in the workplace and at home.
c) Aassessing the hazards and action to reduce risks.
d) An action plan and an improvement cycle.

42. What does the acronym REACH stand for?
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 4
What does the acronym REACH stand for?
a) Really excellent all covering hazards.
b) Recognise evaluate and control hazards.
c) Reveal everything all considered hazards.
d) none of the above.

43. Question 5 What is a Hazard? a) Potential to have a day off work.
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 5
What is a Hazard?
a) Potential to have a day off work.
b) Possibility of an incident occurring.
c) Potential to cause harm, injury , illness, damage
d) Concept that management considers.

44. Question 6 What are the 4 Hazard categories?
12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 6
What are the 4 Hazard categories?
a) Psychological, physical, biological and falls.
b) Struck by, trips, exposure and falls.
c) Housekeeping, mobile plant, brooms and spill stations.
d) Physical, Chemical, Biological and Environmental.

45. 12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 7
What are the 4 hazard types? a) Struck by or against; caught by, in or between; fall to floor level or below and exposure to. b) Attitude, commitment, knowledge and drive. c) Kinetic energy, Newton metres, Stress and kPa d) Not b or a

46. 12/03/2010 Rev C
Question 8
What are the three main attributes needed to have successful Accident prevention? a) Chemical, Biological and Ergonomic b) Knowledge, Attitude and Commitment. c) Community values, Laws and Drink Driving Legislation. d) None of the above