1. SOLAR Energy Manisha Goel, Lecturer, EE Deptt
Govt. Polytechnic Manesar

2. “Solar Energy” ‘Solar Energy’ or ‘Renewable Energy’ ‘Sustainability’
Solar or Renewable Energy
Solar ‘Radiant’ Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass Energy
Hydro and Wave Energy
Geothermal Energy **

3. Some ‘Solar’ Energy History
Solar Energy Use is Not New
In Use well before Our Discovery of Oil
Is the Source of our Coal and Oil

4. Augustin Mouchot’s largest ‘Sun Machine’, on display at the Universal Exposition in Paris, 1878

5. An Eneas ‘Sun Motor’ - 4 H. P
An Eneas ‘Sun Motor’ - 4 H.P. Solar Thermal Powered Steam Engine - on farm in Arizona, 1904

6. A Maryland Gentleman of the 1890’s enjoys a Hot Bath provided by a Climax Solar Water Heater
Climax Solar Water Heaters were sold extensively between 1890 and about 1920.
Later, the Day and Night Co. was a major supplier of solar hot water systems.

7. “Bell System Solar Battery Converts Sun’s Rays into Electricity”, Advertisement from Look Magazine, 1956.

8. Photovoltaics (PV)

9. How PV cells work

10. How ‘Silicon’ cells are made

11. Other Types of Solar Cells
Poly-crystal
Ribbon type >
Thin Film

12. Commercial Solar Cells
Single crystal silicon
Poly-Crystal Silicon
Thin Films

13. Emerging Technolgies Nano-solar techniques
NanoSolar – Electrically Conductive Plastics
Konarka – Polymer and dye-sensitized solar cell have flexible cells about 5 % efficient

14. Cells, Modules and Arrays

15. Energy Tid-bit
The solar cells in the early 1950s were about 0.5 % efficient. Today a module is about 15 % efficient.
A 1 kW system:
In = 2,400 square feet
In 2005 = 80 Square feet

16. Typical PV Systems

17. 1.5 kW PV Array - Vliet Residence, Austin TX, 2000

18. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Roof Shingles (many other examples)

19. PV System Installation on Roof of Commercial Building

20. BJ’s Wholesale Club & Sun Power Electric

21. Solar - Electric Car

22. PV Energy Tid-bit
Energy required to manufacturer single-crystal silicon PV modules will be produced by the module in 1.5 to 2.5 years.
Thereafter the energy produced is a net gain.
PV modules are expected to last beyond 20 years.
Energy costs for some of the emerging technologies are expected to be lower.

23. Solar Thermal Swimming Pool Heating Solar Cooking Space Heating
Solar Hot Water
Solar Cooling
Ocean Thermal (Electric)
Solar Thermal (Electric)

24. Swimming Pool Solar Heater, Austin, TX, late 1970’s

25. Collector for Solar Water Heating - Vliet Residence, Austin, TX, 1977

26. Passively Heated Asphalt Storage Tank - Midland, TX, mid - 1980’s

27. Tracking-Concentrating Collectors for UT Solar Cooling project, late 1970’s

28. Solar Furnace in French Pyrennes - Tracking Heliostats and Parabolic Reflector

29. Power Tower or Central Receiver type Solar Thermal Electric Power Generation

30. Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal energy storage (TES) systems heat or cool a storage medium and then use that hot or cold medium for heat transfer at a later point in time.
Using thermal storage can reduce the size and initial cost of heating/cooling systems, lower energy costs, and reduce maintenance costs. If electricity costs more during the day than at night, thermal storage systems can reduce utility bills further.
Two forms of TES systems are currently used. The first system used a material that changes phase, most commonly steam, water or ice. The second type just changes the temperature of a material, most commonly water.

31. Methods of Thermal Energy Storage
TES for Space Cooling: produce ice or chilled water at night for air conditioning during the day
Shifts cooling demands to off-peak times (less expensive in areas with real-time energy pricing)
May be used take advantage of “free” energy produced at night (like wind energy)
TES with Concentrated Solar Power: store energy in thermal fluid to use when sunlight is not available
Gives solar concentrating power plants more control over when electricity is produced
Seasonal TES
Long term energy storage
Store heat during the summer for use in the winter
Many other methods