1. Organic Compounds
Quiz #1
Chapter 2.3
Page 44-48

2. Organic Chemistry
A. The study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Organic (carbon-based) compounds are found in all living things.
Must contain at least two carbon atoms bonded together to be an organic compound.

3. The Versatility of Carbon
A. Carbon can:
Bond with many elements such as;
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Bond with other Carbon atoms
Form chains and rings
Form large complex structures

4. Four Groups of Organic Compounds
A. The four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

5. Words to know: Mono= ____________ Poly= _____________
Macro=_____________
Dehydration=____________________
Hydro=___________________
Synthesis=____________________
Lysis=____________________
one
many
Very large
Removing water
water
To build or make
Split apart

6. FORMS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
MONOMERS
single molecules
POLYMERS/MACROMOLECULES
many molecules joined together

7. Dehydration Synthesis
A. Dehydration synthesis–a process (chemical reaction) in which water is removed and monomers are joined to build polymers (macromolecules).

8. Hydrolysis
B. Hydrolysis – a process (chemical reaction) in which water is added and macromolecules (polymers) are broken down into the single unit monomers. .

9. Carbohydrates
Quiz #1

10. Composition C6H12O6 A. Made up of the elements: Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Universal Formula
C6H12O6

11. Functions A. Main source of energy for Consumers
B. Structure in some organisms

12. Groups Monosaccharide 1 sugar molecule B. Disaccharide
2 sugar molecules
C. Polysaccharide
many sugar molecules

13. C6H12O6 +
C6H12O6
C12H22O11

14. MONOSACCHARIDES (simple carbohydrates) C6H12O6
1.GLUCOSE- basic source of energy; used in cellular respiration
Ex: (fruits)
2.FRUCTOSE- the sweetest of monosaccharides; found in fruits
3.GALACTOSE- a single molecule of milk
4.RIBOSE- a 5 carbon sugar found in RNA C5H10O5

15. DISACCHARIDES (simple carbohydrates) C12H22O11
1.MALTOSE—found in wheat and barley
2.LACTOSE—made up of galactose & glucose
(milk sugar)
3.SUCROSE—table sugar

16. POLYSACCHARIDES (complex carbohydrates)
PROVIDES STORED ENERGY!!!
1. Starch-stored energy in plants (potatoes,corn)
2. Glycogen- stored energy in animals
(muscle & liver cells)
PROVIDES STRUCTURE!!!
3. Cellulose- found in plant cell walls, Most abundant organic compound.
4. Chitin- found in fungi cell walls and insect exoskeletons 2nd most abundant organic compound.

17. Testing for Presence of Carbs 1. Monosaccharides
1. Add Benedicts to the solution(s)
2. Heat solution
3. Look for color change.
**If monosaccharide is present solution will turn orange.
**If solution changes to any other color or doesn’t change at all, there is no monosaccharide present!

18. Solutions to be tested 3) Look for a change in color (to orange)
1)Add Benedicts to solutions and 2)heat
Unknown solution
Unknown solution
3) Look for a change in color (to orange)
No Mono-
Saccharide
Present
Monosaccharide
Present

19. Testing for the presence of Carbs 2. Polysaccharide
1.Add iodine to your solution(s)
2.Look for a color change.
**If solution turns black/dark blue, a polysaccharide is present.
**Any other color change/no color change = no polysaccharide

20. 1) Add iodine to solution(s)
Solutions to be tested
1) Add iodine to solution(s)
Unknown solution
Unknown solution
2)Look for a color change to dark blue or black
No starch
Present
Starch
Present

21. How it gets into our bodies
Bread
Sweets
Fruit
Vegetables
Pasta
Potatoes

23. MIX PAIR SHARE 1. What did you do this weekend?
2. What are you doing tomorrow?
3. How do you test for a monosaccharide?
4. How do you test for a polysaccharide?

24. Quiz #2
LIPIDS
FATS, OILS, WAXES

25. Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Made of mostly C & H
Insoluble in Water- will not dissolve

26. Functions A. Secondary source of energy for Consumers
B. Make up the cell membrane

27. GROUPS 1. MONOMERS— fatty acids
2. POLYMERS—triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes
3. TRIGLYCERIDES— two types
--UNSATURATED FATS—liquid at room temperature (ex: vegetable oil)
--SATURATED FATS—solid at room temperature (ex: butter)

28. Testing for Presence of lipids
Place sample on brown paper or newsprint
If there is a transparent spot, the sample contains lipids!

29. Lipid’s Unique Characteristics
Saturated Fat:
single bond
fatty acids usually come from animal sources and are solid at room temperature, these are high in caloric value. BAD FOR YOU!
2. Unsaturated fat
Double bond
fatty acids usually come from plant sources and are liquid at room temperature, these are lower in caloric value. GOOD FOR YOU!
3. Trans fat
WORST FAT FOR YOU!

30. How it gets into our bodies
Dairy products
Fried Foods
Cooking Oil
Butter
Nuts

32. PROTEINS
Quiz #2

33. **THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF ORGANIC
Composition
Made up of the elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Sulfur (S) (sometimes)
Nitrogen (N)
**THE MOST DIVERSE GROUP OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS**

34. Functions
collagen
hemoglobin
1. PROVIDE STRUCTURE—help to build organisms (ex: hair, lungs, heart)
2. TRANSPORT—carry important molecules throughout the organism (ex: hemoglobin carries oxygen) *HELPS WITH IMMUNITY*
3. ENZYMES—proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction

35. Groups Proteins are made of monomers known as Amino Acids (AA)
basic building block of all proteins
20 common amino acids in various combinations make thousands of proteins
The covalent bond formed between 2 amino acids in the protein chain is called a peptide bond
Proteins made of polymers are known as Polypeptides (VERY big molecule)
What is a dipeptide? ___________________

36. Testing for Presence of proteins
1.Add Biuret’s reagent to your solution(s)
2.Look for a color change. If solution turns purple, a protein is present.
**Any other color change/no color change = no protein

37. Protein’s Unique Characteristics
Any Amino Acid (AA) can bond with another forming a peptide bond

38. How it gets into our bodies
meat
poultry
fish
dairy
eggs
legumes
nuts

40. Nucleic Acids
Quiz #2

41. Composition Made up of the elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphate (contain Phosphorus)

42. Functions 1. carries information for the cell
**GENETIC INFO FOR MAKING PROTEINS**
2. DNA and RNA - molecule that is in the cells

43. Groups
1. monomers = NUCLEOTIDES
2. polymers = DNA and RNA

44. Testing for Presence of nucleic acids
None Available

45. Nucleic Acid’s Unique Characteristics
Very Large and complex Double Helix

46. How it gets into our bodies
Inherited from our parents