1. Reading sense / thought groups Robot or human …………you choose
When we speak, we don’t talk in single words but in groups of words spoken continuously. When we read quietly, the same thing happens in our mind. These groups of words, which are closely connected in meaning and in grammar, are called sense or thought groups. A sense group is a tone-group in intonation. A long sentence can be cut up into two or more tone-groups. We may make a short pause after each group, but not during the group. Such pauses help to make reading or speaking easier and to convey one’s ideas more clearly. So, the reasons for reading and especially speaking in sense or thought groups are:
Robot or human …………you choose
Reading sense groups or thought groups in a sentence are usually divided by grammar but may also depend on the idea one is trying to convey and even breathing patterns.

2. Teachers: Section 3 : Methodology – Teaching Reading at Low Secondary Level (16+12=28 points) Task III : The story given below comes from a Kenyan newspaper, the Daily Nation. One way of approaching the text with your low secondary school students might be to ask them to read it in “sense groups” so that they can make necessary pauses and understand while reading. Provide your exemplary reading the story in “sense groups” for your students. Mark each of them with a vertical line ( ) and number each of them from 1-7 (8-39) as shown in paragraph 1.

3. #1 : These Punctuation Marks . , ! : ; -
Naked truth about turn-boy A young woman from Kakamega discovered 1 it was a man’s world 2 when she went job-hunting recently. 3 So she cut her hair short, 4 dressed up in men’s clothes 5 and even got herself an identity card 6 under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina. 7 And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’ But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination. ‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out! The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man. Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya. Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said: “I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”. (Kenya Daily Nation)
39-7 = 32 = 12
#1 : These Punctuation Marks , ! : ; -
= 20

4. Naked truth about turn-boy A young woman from Kakamega discovered 1 it was a man’s world 2 when she went job-hunting recently. 3 So she cut her hair short, 4 dressed up in men’s clothes 5 and even got herself an identity card 6 under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina. 7 And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’ But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination. ‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out! The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man. Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya. Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said: “I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”. (Kenya Daily Nation)
12 – 5 = 7
#2 : BEFORE and, when
= 5

5. #3 : SOMETIMES BEFORE prepositions such as :
Naked truth about turn-boy A young woman from Kakamega discovered 1 it was a man’s world 2 when she went job-hunting recently. 3 So she cut her hair short, 4 dressed up in men’s clothes 5 and even got herself an identity card 6 under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina. 7 And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’ But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination. ‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out! The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man. Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya. Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said: “I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”. (Kenya Daily Nation)
7 – 6 = 1
#3 : SOMETIMES BEFORE prepositions such as :
by, for, as, under, through
= 6

6. Naked truth about turn-boy A young woman from Kakamega discovered 1 it was a man’s world 2 when she went job-hunting recently. 3 So she cut her hair short, 4 dressed up in men’s clothes 5 and even got herself an identity card 6 under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina. 7 And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’ But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination. ‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out! The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man. Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya. Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said: “I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”. (Kenya Daily Nation)
1 more ! – Any ideas?

7. Basic rules for dividing a sentence into sense groups:
When we read a sentence, we often pause here and there. And usually these pauses are made according to the grammatical structure of the sentence.
Basic rules for dividing a sentence into sense groups:
1. Noun Phrase - Article + Noun —— a country, - Noun + Noun — president Elbegdorj 2. Pronoun Phrase —— that one 3. Prepositional Phrase —— by bus 4. Adjective Phrase —— very good 5. Adverb Phrase —— very quickly 6. Adverb + Prepositional Phrase —— early in the morning 7. Adverb + Verb or Verb + Adverb ——quite understand , study hard 8. Verb Phrase —— to take a rest , to have a meeting 9. Infinitive Phrase —— He likes / to read newspapers after lunch. 10. Gerund Phrase —— staying indoors all day / is unhealthy. 11. Participle Phrase —— I saw many people / walking along the lake. 12. Copula + Predicative —— be well 13. Subject + Predicate —— He stands up. 14. Subject + Predicate + Object —— I speak English. 15. Subject Clause —— That he will come here / is certain. 16. Predicative Clause —— This is / how he studies English. 17. Subordinate Clause —— He told me / where I could find my book. 18. Attributive Clause —— This is a factory / that makes cloth. 19. Adverbial Clause —— I waited / till he come back.

8. to read between the lines
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
далд утгыг ойлгох
to infer
to make a deduction / to deduce
to guess based on logic (NOT a wild guess) / to make an educated guess

9. Task IV. We have designed some activities (A, B and C) and tasks or questions for your teaching and reading based on the story for your students. Match the designed questions 1-12 given below with the different reading skills. Circle the letter PSR if it practices plain sense reading skill (the ability to ‘read the lines’); circle the letter DR if it practices deductive reading skill (the ability to ‘read between the lines’); circle the letter PR if it practices projective reading skill (the ability to ‘read beyond the lines’).

10. True/False :
The employee’s real name was Mwajuma Mwania. PSR DR PR
2. At first, Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job. PSR DR PR

11. Naked truth about turn-boy
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’
But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination.
‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out!
The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man.
Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya.
Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said: “I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”.

12. True/False :
The employee’s real name was Mwajuma Mwania. PSR DR PR
2. At first, Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job. PSR DR PR

13. Naked truth about turn-boy
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’
But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination.
‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out!
The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man.
Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya.
Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said:
“I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”.

14. True/False :
The employee’s real name was Mwajuma Mwania. PSR DR PR
2. At first, Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job. PSR DR PR

15. Multiple Choice :
3. In order to get a job, Mwajuma ………………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) married Rajab Maina (c) rushed to hospital
(b) pretended to be a man (d) went to the Labour Office
4. Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job because ………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) she lived in Kakamega (c) she was dishonest
(b) she was a woman (d) she refused to go to the labour office

16. Naked truth about turn-boy
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’
But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination.
‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out!
The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man.
Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya.
Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said:
“I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”.

17. Multiple Choice :
3. In order to get a job, Mwajuma ………………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) married Rajab Maina (c) rushed to hospital
(b) pretended to be a man (d) went to the Labour Office
4. Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job because ………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) she lived in Kakamega (c) she was dishonest
(b) she was a woman (d) she refused to go to the labour office

18. Naked truth about turn-boy
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’
But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination.
‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out!
The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man.
Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya.
Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said:
“I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”.

19. Multiple Choice :
3. In order to get a job, Mwajuma ………………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) married Rajab Maina (c) rushed to hospital
(b) pretended to be a man (d) went to the Labour Office
4. Mwajuma Mwania couldn’t get a job because ………………………………… PSR DR PR
(a) she lived in Kakamega (c) she was dishonest
(b) she was a woman (d) she refused to go to the labour office

20. Free response questions : 5. Why did people think she was a man
Free response questions : 5. Why did people think she was a man? PSR DR PR 6. What was Notco’s problem? PSR DR PR 7. Why did she refuse to get undressed at the hospital? PSR DR PR 8. What two dangers faced the girl at the end of the newspaper story? PSR DR PR 9. Could this have happened where you come from? PSR DR PR 10. Should men and women be allowed to do exactly the same work? PSR DR PR 11. What is a ‘turn-boy’? PSR DR PR 12. What was the Naked Truth? PSR DR PR

21. Naked truth about turn-boy
A young woman from Kakamega discovered it was a man’s world when she went job-hunting recently. So she cut her hair short, dressed up in men’s clothes and even got herself an identity card under the name of Mr. Rajab Maina.
And it worked! She got a job as a turn-boy for Notco company and, according to an official, did very well and looked ‘exactly like a man.’
But one small slip and all was undone. ‘Mr. Maina’ fell off a lorry and was rushed to hospital, where a doctor demanded ‘he’ take off ‘his’ clothes for a proper examination.
‘Mr. Maina’ at first protested, but had to comply when the doctor threatened to make a report to the Notco boss. So the naked truth was out!
The company investigated the case through the Labour Office and discovered that : ‘Mr. Maina’ had got an identity card by posing as a man.
Now she is her former self again, Miss Mwajuma Mwania is presenting her company with a problem – whether to lose a good worker by handing her over to the police for giving false information; or whether to strike a blow for women’s lib., and employ the first ‘turn-girl’ in Kenya.
Asked why she conned the firm, Miss Mwania said:
“I couldn’t find any other way of getting a job”.