1. Characteristics of Life
Organization
Structure is related to function
Structure: How something is built
Function: What it does/its job
The ability to grow and develop
It’s not enough to just grow, we have to develop
Specialization: when something is specialized, it is good at one specific job
The ability to respond to the environment
Immediately: taking your hand away when it’s burned
Adaptation: color of feathers change after generations
The ability to reproduce

2. Theory
A theory is a widely accepted explanation of things observed in nature.
Theories are important because they serve as foundations for further research and study, and can lead to research that is beneficial to society.

3. Cell Theory Every living thing is made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
Cells come only from other living cells by cell division.

4. Cell Structures and Functions
Guided Notes start here…
Cell Structures and Functions

5. 2 Types of Cells: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Has a nucleus No nucleus
Organelles have no membranes
Very small
Eukaryotic
Has a nucleus
Organelles have membranes
Much larger

6. Prokaryote Eukaryote

7. Two Types of Prokaryotic Cells
Eubacteria:
Common bacteria
Smallest Cells
No nucleus, but do have DNA
Archebacteria:
Similar to bacteria, but can live in places no other organisms can live (such as high salt or high heat environments

8. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells:
Make up plants
Have a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Makes its own food
Vacuoles are large
Animal Cells:
Make up animals
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Cannot make own food
Vacuoles are small

9. Animal Cell

10. Plant Cell

11. Cell Organelles Organelles are the tiny working parts of cells.
All organelles are specialized.
All cells have organelles which help to carry out the processes for life

12. Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
Cell membrane-the outer layer of the cell; separates the cell from the outside environment
Cytoplasm-the jelly-like fluid that takes up most of the inside of the cell; all interior organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm; gives the cell shape and support

13. Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
Vacuole-small in animal cell; it stores water and other materials.
Mitochondria-breaks down food molecules for energy to sustain the cell.
Lysosome-digests food particles, wastes, and foreign particles.

14. Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
Ribosomes-where proteins are made in the cell
Nucleus-largest organelle in the cell; contains DNA and is the control center for the cell
Nuclear Membrane-Contains most of the animal cell organelles

15. Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole- Is MUCH larger in a plant cell
Cell Wall- Is much more rigid than only having a cell membrane. Makes cell look square
Chloroplast- Uses energy from the sun to make food; makes plants appear green