1. Cell Structure and Function

2. Review: Are viruses considered to be living? Why or why not?

3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
- Prokaryotes: SINGLE celled organism with DNA that does not have a membrane surrounding it
- Chromosomes structure: loose DNA (circular plasmids)
- no nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- Example: Bacteria

4. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes: organisms with a nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus
- Chromosomes Structure: DNA in nucleus
- nucleus
- membrane bound organelles
- example: animal and plant cells, protists

6. Bill Nye: Cells

7. Guess the type of cell….
Prokaryote
Eukaryote-Plant
Eukaryote-Animal

8. Guess the type of cell…. Prokaryote! Prokaryote Eukaryote-Plant
Eukaryote-Animal
Prokaryote!

9. Guess the type of cell….
Prokaryote
Eukaryote-Plant
Eukaryote-Animal

10. Guess the type of cell…. Eukaryote-Animal (Human Cheek Cell)!
Prokaryote
Eukaryote-Plant
Eukaryote-Animal
Eukaryote-Animal
(Human Cheek Cell)!

11. Guess the type of cell….
Prokaryote
Eukaryote-Plant
Eukaryote-Animal

12. Guess the type of cell…. Eukaryote- Plant Cell! Prokaryote
Eukaryote-Animal
Eukaryote-
Plant Cell!

13. Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Animal and Plant Cells
* Cell structure is correlated with cell function
A cell is the basic unit of life
Within the cell there are many different structures called organelles
Organelle means “little organ” because many of these structures act as if they are small organs.
Cytoplasm: the cell outside of the nucleus that holds the organelles
A gel like material that is mostly water

14. How were the first organelles created?
Endosymbiotic Theory: one prokaryote “ate” another prokaryote and created a cell within a cell
Examples: mitochondria and chloroplasts (these have their own DNA)
Suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the descendants of ancient prokaryotes that developed symbiotic relationships with ancient cells

15. Endosymbiotic Theory

16. What do the organelles look like? Let’s take a look at our diagrams.
Move to overheads

17. Cell Membrane/ Plasma Membrane
Surrounds and protects the cell; separates it from the environment
Allows molecules to move into and out of the cell

18. Organelles: Nucleus The control center of the cell
Is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Contains DNA material (instructions for making proteins)
DNA is stored in bundles called chromosomes

19. Nucleolus
Nucleolus is a small dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begins

20. Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell
A double membrane- bound organelle
Folded membrane increases surface area for producing chemical energy (ATP)
Converts stored energy from food into chemical energy for the cell to use

21. Ribosomes Small particles of RNA
Makes proteins by following instructions from the DNA

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal membrane system
Used to transport materials around the cell
May have ribosomes on it

23. Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages materials for transport
A stack of membranes (looks like a stack of pancakes)

24. Lysosomes
Break down waste
Filled with enzymes

25. Centriole
Used to help the cell divide
Only in animal cells

26. Vacuole -Cavity like organelle Stores water, nutrients, and minerals
Large vacuoles – plants only

27. Chloroplast Where photosynthesis occurs
Captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy
Has a double membrane
Found only in plants
Contains green pigment called chlorophyll

28. Cell Wall Surrounds and protects the cell
Layer outside of the cell membrane
Only in plant cells and bacteria cells