1. WARM-UP Make a new warm-up sheet (WILL COLLECT ON FRIDAY)
Do we (the United States) have a “mission?”
If so, what is that mission?
If we do not, should we have one?

4. Manifest Destiny Expansion The American Mission
Louisiana Purchase = doubled the size of the US, led to westward expansion
Adams-Onís Treaty = gained Florida from Spain
The American Mission
Improved transportation (internal improvements) made it easier to travel
Manifest Destiny- Americans started to believe their movement west was their destiny, ordained by God
People were drawn to the frontier
Abundance of land
Escape financial problems in the East
Fresh start for immigrants
Conflict with Native Americans occurred
Example: Black Hawk War

6. Western Trails allowed for migration
Santa Fe Trail:
From Missouri to New Mexico
Trading trail
Oregon Trail:
From Missouri to Oregon
Routes were similar to those of Lewis & Clark
People migrated to the fertile lands
Long, difficult, sometimes dangerous journey
Mormon Trail
Religious community trying to escape persecution
Moved to Utah
Why Utah?-remote & barren; to be left alone

10. Thousands of emigrants carved their names on the rock
                                                                                          
                                                                                 
Thousands of emigrants carved their names on the rock

11. Independence Rock

13. Expansionism Texas Mexico won its Independence in 1821
Had a hard time controlling its territories, especially Texas
Mexico invited American pioneers to settle in Texas
arguments started over cultural differences (including the issue of slavery)
Settlers defied Mexican laws, including slavery
led to Texas Revolution; indepedence from Mexico
Santa Anna—(Mexican Pres.) took away local power
Mexico did not recognize Texas’ independence
Led troops in and defeated Texans occupying the Alamo

14. “Remember the Alamo” became the war cry; fight at the Alamo, only a few women and children were spared from death
Sam Houston—led the Texans and after victory was elected Pres. of the Republic of Texas
– Texas was independent nation

15. Election of 1844 Campaigned to annex Texas and Oregon
James K. Polk elected- Polk is considered the land expansion president
Campaigned to annex Texas and Oregon
President Tyler annexed Texas during the lame duck period

16. Campaign slogan for Oregon: “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”
Oregon was disputed between the US and Britain
Referred to the latitude as the northern limit of the disputed land
Treaty of peacefully decided to extend the boundary (today’s border with Canada)

17. War with Mexico,
Causes
Annexation of Texas caused a boundary dispute with Mexico
James Polk urged war
War becomes a sectional issue within the United States
Extension of Slavery into territories
1846- Wilmot Proviso proposed that territories won in the war would abolish slavery
Ends gag rule on slavery
Wilmot Proviso did not pass
For US troops it was one victory after another
Mexican army had poor leadership
Many soldiers become future Civil War leaders – Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant
Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott –
Taylor’s popularity led to him winning the election of 1848 as a Whig

19. Spoils of War
Mexican Cession = Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 – Rio Grande became the border for Texas and ceded New Mexico and California
California Gold Rush: Gold is discovered in California, people flock to the new land = Gold Fever
They were called Forty-niners

20. Gadsden Purchase, 1853 – purchased small parts of New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million
Authorized by President Pierce

21. Impact of Expansionism
Mexicans – 80,000 new US citizens, faced discrimination, few civil rights
Natives – severely reduced population because of diseases and destruction of buffalo
Continued to lose their lands
Increased sectionalism as a result of the debate over slavery in the territories