1. Matter and Energy
If you forget to set the timer when you are making cookies, how do you know when they are ready?
How does that happen?

2. All matter is made of particles (atoms/molecules/formula units)
Particles are always moving
Higher temp. – faster the particles move.
Same temp - heavier particles move slower than lighter ones.
When particles collide – one gains energy and the other loses energy

3. Solid – particles in a fixed position
Liquid – particles closely packed, but can still slide around
Gas – particles in constant motion, rarely stick together
States are physically different

4. Solids have a rigid shape
Tightly packed particles = strong attraction
Little movement – vibrations in bonds
Little movement = small amount energy
Definite shape & definite volume (doesn’t change)

5. Liquids take the shape of their containers
Indefinite shape & definite volume
Less attraction between particles
Different shaped glasses – but same volume
More movement than solids = more energy than solids

6. Gases are free to spread in all directions
Do balloons have different shapes? (Don’t forget about balloon animals)
If the you leave the top off a perfume bottle, why can you smell it from a distance?

7. Properties of Gases Indefinite shape & indefinite volume
Little to no attraction in particles
A lot of space = a lot of motion= a lot of energy
Dangerous to heat – can cause explosions

8. Energy IS NOT MATTER! Ex: light, heat, and sound
Heat (energy) is added – particles move faster.
Heat (energy) is released – particles move slower

9. Phase changes Process of changing from one phase to another
Solid Liquid Gas

10. Energy must be added to cause melting or evaporation

12. Phase Diagram of H2O
A critical point is where the properties of two phases become indistinguishable from each other

13. Gases exert pressure
A balloon will pop if its internal pressure increases too much.
Internal pressure = force of particles n the balloon walls
Blow up and balloon and le tit go, gases under pressure will escape container if possible.
Ex: hairspray, air freshener, spray paint