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ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!

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Presentation on theme: "ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!"— Presentation transcript:

1 ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!

2 ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!
ALWAYS LOOK UP AND DOWN FOR AN ELEMENT ‘S CLOSEST RELATIVE!!!

3 ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!
ALWAYS LOOK UP AND DOWN FOR AN ELEMENT ‘S CLOSEST RELATIVE!!! WHY?

4 GRP GRP 18 GRP GRP 13 GRP 14 GRP 15 GRP 16 GRP 17 marked RED ELEMENTS IN THE SAME GROUP HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF outermost VALENCE ELECTRONS

5 Elements in the same GROUP (column) all share the SAME number of outermost VALENCE ELECTRONS(-) which makes them all like FAMILY. They share SIMILAR PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES!!!

6 Get out your periodic table from yesterday….

7 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS each group is like family
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

8 Let’s look at some of these GROUPS/FAMILIES….

9 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS each group is like family
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 THE FIRST GROUP (DINGLEBERRIES) LOVE TO GIVE UP THEIR 1 VALENCE ELECTRON TO FORM MOLECULES. G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 ALKALI METALS All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

10 The ALKALI METAL GROUP SHARE THESE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
They have low melting and boiling points compared to most other metals. They are very soft and can be cut easily with a knife. They have low densities (lithium, sodium and potassium will float on water).

11 The ALKALI METAL GROUP SHARE THESE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
They often react explosively in water. They react 1:1 with group 17 to form SALTS.

12 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS each group is like family
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 What better than to hook up with group 17 which wants 1 more electron to fill out its outer valence shell! P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 HALOGENS All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

13 The HALOGENS SHARE THESE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
The halogens have low melting points and boiling points. (gases & liquids at room temp) They all show some color (fluorine yellow, chlorine green, bromine red, iodine purple)

14 The HALOGENS SHARE THESE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
Alone, they are toxic to us & bad for germs. They react 1:1 with ALKALI METALS to form SALTS.

15 7 rows = 7 PERIODS 18 columns = 18 GROUPS each group is like family
means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS G18 G1 G2 P1 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 P2 Of course, ALL elements wish they had a full outer shell of valence electrons. Group 18 atoms don’t react with ANYTHING! P3 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 P4 P5 G3 P6 P7 NOBLE GASES All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

16 The NOBLE GASES have FULL VALENCE SHELLS of ELECTRONS(-)
THEY ALL HAVE NO MORE ROOM FOR ELECTRONS ON THEIR OUTER ELECTRON ORBIT

17 Group 18 NOBLE GASES don’t need or want anything from any other element.

18 NOBLE GASES have these PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
They are all gases at room temperature. They are always found in their pure form. They all glow when electricity passes through them.

19

20 NOBLE GASES have NO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
THEY DON’T HAVE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES BECAUSE THEY DON’T REACT WITH OTHER ATOMS!

21 NOBLE GASES have NO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

22 Each group is like a family of elements…most closely related.

23 GRP GRP 18 GRP GRP 13 GRP 14 GRP 15 GRP 16 GRP 17 marked RED ELEMENTS IN THE SAME GROUP HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF outermost VALENCE ELECTRONS

24 ELEMENTS of the SAME GROUP are MOST CLOSELY RELATED!
ALWAYS LOOK UP AND DOWN FOR AN ELEMENT ‘S CLOSEST RELATIVE!!!

25

26 In general, there are 3 types of elements in our universe.

27 Now, we will color code them so you can know what you’re looking at!

28 You may choose ANY 3 COLORS for this exercise.
LIGHT TRANSPARENT COLORS!!

29 Carefully draw an outline around these 8 elements!

30 LIGHTLY shade in the three sections like you see here!
1 H 1.0

31 Lightly color yours in 3 sections… like THIS!
DON’T MISS THIS ONE! 1 H 1.0

32 Astatine (At) can go either way, scientists still aren’t certain here.
1 H 1.0

33 BTW, how many protons in an astatine atom?
1 H 1.0

34 BTW, how many protons in an astatine atom? 85—pretty big & unstable
1 H 1.0 85

35 Note you have THREE broad categories of elements.
1 H 1.0

36 Note you have THREE broad CATEGORIES of element/atoms.
1 H 1.0

37 Note you have THREE broad CATEGORIES of element/atoms.
1 H 1.0

38 Note you have THREE broad CATEGORIES of element/atoms.
1 H 1.0

39 The biggest number of atoms are METALS
1 H 1.0 METALS

40 Most elements are METALS
1 H 1.0 METALS METALS

41 The elements at the right end are NON-METALS.
1 H 1.0 METALS METALS

42 At the right end are NON-METALS.
1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

43 NON-METALS don’t forget hydrogen too.
little hydrogen too! 1 H 1.0 NON- METALS METALS METALS

44 Most elements are METALS.
1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

45 Is LIFE made of mostly metals or non-metals?
1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

46 Yet, most LIFE is made of NON-METALS!
1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

47 What about these elements IN BETWEEN?
= METALS 1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

48 These 8 elements can sometimes act like metals and other times like non-metals.
1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS NON- METALS METALS METALS

49 These 8 elements are semi-metal metalloids!
= METALS 1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS = SEMI-METAL METALLOIDS CAN ACT LIKE METALS OR NON NON- METALS METALS semi-metal/metalloides METALS

50 PUT THIS ASIDE FOR NOW GET BACK TO NOTES…

51 EACH & EVERY different ELEMENT has its own unique PHYSICAL PROPERTIES!

52 Can you give me some examples?
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter, but DON’T involve changing the matter into something else through chemical reactions.  Can you give me some examples? hand-out table for activity bring styrofoam, mallet, wire hanger, lead sinker, tuning fork, sulfur

53 Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others. . Make the following table in your notes…

54 In general though, METALS have different PHYSICAL PROPERTIES than NON-METALS?

55 now, make this table in your notes
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES help us describe how a substance looks or acts without changing it into something completely different. Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Shiny Dull State at room temperature All solid but mercury, which is a liquid. Mostly gas, few solid, and one (bromine) is a liquid Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound now, make this table in your notes

56 Don’t forget to do ALL 10 properties in your table.
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

57 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Working with your partner, you’ll tell me! Put these strips of paper into the right place in the table.

58 Let’s see who was right? Physical Property Metals Non-metals Shiny
Appearance Shiny Dull State at room temperature All solid but mercury, which is a liquid. Mostly gas, few solid, and one (bromine) is a liquid Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

59 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Shiny Dull State at room temperature All solid but mercury, which is a liquid. Mostly gas, few solid, and one (bromine) is a liquid Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

60 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly SHINY Mostly DULL State at room temperature All solid but mercury, which is a liquid. Mostly gas, few solid, and one (bromine) is a liquid Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

61 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature All solid but mercury, which is a liquid. Mostly gas, few solid, and one (bromine) is a liquid Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

62 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature (solid. liquid, or gas) Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

63 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?.
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density High (they feel heavy for their size) Low (they feel light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

64 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density (m/v) Mostly high (mass is heavy for their size) Mostly low (mass is light for their size) Strength Strong Weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

65 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density (m/v) Mostly high (mass is heavy for their size) Mostly low (mass is light for their size) Strength Mostly strong Mostly weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they bend without breaking) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

66 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density (m/v) Mostly high (mass is heavy for their size) Mostly low (mass is light for their size) Strength Mostly strong Mostly weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they can bend flat & be shaped) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

67 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly solid Mostly gas Density (m/v) Mostly high (mass is heavy for their size) Mostly low (mass is light for their size) Strength Mostly strong Mostly weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they can bend flat & be shaped) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound You should be writing these down!

68 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Appearance Mostly shiny Mostly dull State at room temperature Mostly SOLID Mostly GAS Density (m/v) Mostly high (mass is heavy for their size) Mostly low (mass is light for their size) Strength Mostly strong Mostly weak Malleable or brittle Malleable (they can bend flat & be shaped) Brittle (they break or shatter when hammered) Conduction of heat Good Poor (they are good insulators) Conduction of electricity Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

69 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Poor (they are insulators, apart from graphite) Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

70 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

71 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes, can be stretched into wire Not Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

72 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No MOSTLY NOT Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

73 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No Magnetic material Some, like iron, cobalt and nickel None Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

74 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No Magnetic material Some naturally (like iron, cobalt and nickel) None unless conditions change Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

75 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No Magnetic material Some naturally (like iron, cobalt and nickel) None unless conditions change Sound when hit They make a ringing sound (they are sonorous) They make a dull sound

76 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No Magnetic material Some naturally (like iron, cobalt and nickel) None unless conditions change Sound when hit Sonorous (they ring) Dull sound (thunk)

77 How do PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of METALS & NON-METALS compare?
Physical Property Metals Non-metals Conduction of electricity Good Mostly poor Ductile or not Yes (can be stretched into wire) No Magnetic material Some naturally (like iron, cobalt and nickel) None unless conditions change Sound when hit Sonorous (they ring) Dull sound (thunk)

78 Many metals are good conductors!
NON-METALS INSULATE METALS CONDUCT!

79 Many metals are good conductors!
NON-METALS INSULATE METALS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY & HEAT!

80 Many NON-METALS are good INSULATORS!
NON-METALS INSULATE US FROM HEAT & ELECTRICITY METALS CONDUCT!

81 Many NON-METALS are good INSULATORS!
NON-METALS INSULATE US FROM HEAT & ELECTRICITY METALS CONDUCT!

82 Many NON-METALS are good INSULATORS!
NON-METALS INSULATE US FROM HEAT & ELECTRICITY METALS CONDUCT!

83 Many metals are good conductors Many non-metals are good insulators!
METALS CONDUCT! NON-METALS INSULATE

84 Just like humanOIDS aren’t quite like humans or robots…

85 Just like humanOIDS aren’t quite like humans OR robots, METALLOIDS are able to ACT LIKE METALS OR NON-METALS…

86 classwk ticket/hmwk

87 Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others. Go to “new COMPARING METALS TO NON-METALS” activity & worksheet

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