1. Diabetes

2. Diabetes
Definition
Types
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic tests

3. Diabetes classic symptoms
Polyurea
Polydipsia
Polyphasia
History of recent , sudden weight loss

4. Types of Diabetes Two most common types Other types Type 1 Type 2
Gestational
Prediabetes
Secondary diabetes

5. Diagnostic tests History and physical Blood test Urine ECG BP Weight
Dental exam

6. Blood Glucose monitors

7. Glucose Continuum

8. Type I Diabetes Description Causes Diagnostic tests Sign and symptoms
Treatments

9. Normal Insulin Secretion

10. Insulin Preparations

11. Insulin Pen

13. Subcutaneous Injection Sites

14. Type II Diabetes Description Causes Diagnostic tests Sign and symptoms
Treatments

15. Diabetes Ketoacidosis

16. Diabetic Ketoacidosis

17. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome

18. Nursing management DKA/HHS
Patient closely monitored
Administration
IV fluids
Insulin therapy
Electrolytes
Assessment
Renal status
Cardiopulmonary status
Level of consciousness
Signs potassium imbalance
Cardiac monitoring
Vital signs

19. Types of Insulin
Rapid-acting: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), and glulisine (Apidra), Exubera
Short-acting: Regular
Intermediate-acting: NPH
Long-acting: Glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)

20. Oral Agents Sulfonylureas Meglitinides Biguanides
α-Glucosidase inhibitors
Thiazolidinediones

21. Diabetes Nutritional Therapy
Cornerstone of care for person with diabetes
Most challenging for many people
Recommended that diabetes nurse educator and registered dietitian with diabetes experience be members of team
American Diabetes Association (ADA)
Guidelines indicate that within context of an overall healthy eating plan, person with diabetes can eat same foods as person who does not have diabetes

22. Diabetes Exercise Exercise Essential part of diabetes management
↑ Insulin receptor sites
Lowers blood glucose levels
Contributes to weight loss
Several small carbohydrate snacks can be taken every 30 minutes during exercise to prevent hypoglycemia
Best done after meals
Exercise plans should be started
After medical clearance
Slowly with gradual progression
Should be individualized
Monitor blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise

23. Nursing Diagnoses Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
Risk for injury
Risk for infection
Powerlessness
Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements