1. Information Processing
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2. Sensory System Visual System Vestibular System Somatosensory System
Eyes – sense position based on what we see
Vestibular System
Organs within inner ear – sense position by the way we are balanced
Somatosensory System
Nerves in the skin, muscle and joints – sense position based on gravity, feeling and sound
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3. House Red Paper Blue Water Green Table Yellow
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5. Believing can be not seeing!
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7. Perception A
BIRD
IN THE
THE HAND
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8. Amazing
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearchr at Cabmrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in what order the ltteers ina word are, the only iprmoetnt thing is that the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae.
The rset can be a total mses and you can sitl raed it wouthit a porbelm.
This is bcuseae the human mind deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a whole.
Amzanig huh ?
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12. Memory, Memories
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13. Memory Exercise
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14. Short Term Memory Iconic Memory Echoic Memory Working Memory
Things that you see
Last for 0.5 – 1 second
Echoic Memory
Things that you hear
Last for 2 – 8 seconds
Working Memory
We can remember about 7 items for seconds
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15. Long Term Memory Episodic Memory Semantic Memory Motor Programmes
Memory of events which
can be lost
Semantic Memory
Memory of meaning
The context is never lost
Motor Programmes
Become Automatic
Often Physical actions
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16. The time needed to make one choice
Simple Reaction Time
The time needed to make one choice
Depends on your state, eg. well rested or tired
The time can be up to 1/5th second
26 metres at 300 kts.
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17. 3 Categories of Human Factor Error
Perceptual Error
Response Error
Attention Error
Research has shown that accidents occur for one of three principle reasons. The first is perceptual error. Sometimes critical information was below the threshold for seeing - the light was too dim, the driver was blinded by glare, or the pedestrian's clothes had low contrast. In other cases, the driver made a perceptual misjudgment (a curve's radius or another car's speed or distance). The second, and far more common cause, is that the critical information was detectable but that the driver failed to attend/notice because his mental resources were focussed elsewhere. Often times, a driver will claim that s/he did not "see" a plainly visible pedestrian or car. This is entirely possible because much of our information processing occurs outside of awareness. Mack and and Rock (1998) have amazingly shown that we may be less likely to perceive an object if we are looking directly at it than if it falls outside the center of the visual field. This "inattentional blindness" phenomenon is doubtless the cause of many accidents.
Lastly, the driver may correctly process the information but fail to choose the correct response ("I'm skidding, so I'll turn away from the skid") or make the correct decision yet fail to carry it out ("I meant to hit the break, but I hit the gas"). We will not discuss response errors, but see "Medical Error and Mental Acts of God."
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18. Attention is sometimes Selective Focused Divided Sustained
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19. Limited Channel Capacity
The brain operates as a single-channel processor:
Primary task - on which we focus attention.
Secondary tasks - ancillary activities that we don't focus attention on but that can overload our capacity.
Limited Channel Capacity
• The brain operates as a single-channel processor:
l Primary task - on which we focus attention.
l Secondary tasks - ancillary activities that we don't focus attention
on but that can overload our capacity.
• Stressors affect our information processing ability:
l Load stress - # inputs to be monitored.
l Speed stress - rate of presentation of inputs.
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