1. Qualitative Analysis 2.1
Anions: CO32-, Cl-, I-, SO42-, NO3-, OH-

2. would turn red litmus blue?
First step:
Add red litmus paper!
Which one of these anions: CO32-, Cl-, I-, SO42-, NO3-, OH-
would turn red litmus blue?

3. add dilute HCl solution
bubbles CO32
add red litmus
litmus goes blue OH, CO32
add dilute HCl solution
no bubbles OH

4. CO32- H+ + CO32- → H2O + CO2 Bubbles appear
The red litmus paper turned blue!
Next step:
Add dilute HCl solution!
CO32-
Bubbles appear
H+ + CO32- → H2O + CO2

5. litmus remains red SO42, Cl, I, NO3
add Ba(NO3)2 solution
white precipitate SO42
Write down the equation for this precipitation reaction.

6. If there was no precipitate
New sample in clean test tube
precipitate disappears Cl
precipitate Cl, I
add dilute NH3 solution
precipitate remains I
add AgNO3 solution
no precipitate NO3
AgCl
AgI

7. Write down the equations for the precipitation reactions:
Ag+ + Cl-
Ag+ + I-
Write down the equation for the formation of the complex ion [Ag(NH3)2]+ from AgCl and NH3.

8. If all test are negative, then your anion is NO3+!
Identify the unknown!!!