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What use is a sundial in the shade.”
11/28/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 12/4/06 Objectives: To learn about the physiology of muscles. Class Topics Review contraction Notes Energy sources Isometric and isotonic contractions Contraction graphs “Hide not your talents For use they were made What use is a sundial in the shade.” Benjamin Franklin Wednesday, November 28, :59 AM
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Class Assignments Read 197-212 12/4/06 Muscle Physiology quiz 12/4/06
11/28/2018 Class Assignments What By When Read /4/06 Muscle Physiology quiz 12/4/06 Contraction assignment 12/4/06 Muscle physiology test 12/8/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future
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11/28/2018 Assignment In a series (at least 7) of pictures, draw a representation of contraction and relaxation. Include a written basic overview of what is occurring in each step. 10 pts. “Don’t tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results.” George Patton
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Contraction step by step
11/28/2018 Contraction step by step Stimulation - _________ released from _____ ______ Muscle fiber stimulation by __________ & calcium ions are released from the _________ __________ _______ ____ bind to ________ molecule ________ molecules change shape causing __________ to rotate and expose _____ _____ on the _____ molecule
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Contraction step by step
11/28/2018 Contraction step by step _____ ______ form between _____ (_____ _____) and ______ filaments (________ ________) Actin filaments _____ along myosin filaments (___ used) due to a ______ action of myosin globular protein Muscle fiber _______ as contraction occurs Wisconsin Online - animation Texas A&M University - animation
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11/28/2018 Relaxation ___________ decomposes and muscle fiber is no longer stimulated Calcium ions are ______ _________ into ________ _________ _____ _______ between actin and myosin are broken – troponin is no longer activated and it (and tropomyosin) _______ back into resting position over _____ ______ _____
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Relaxation (cont.) Actin and myosin _____ apart
11/28/2018 Relaxation (cont.) Actin and myosin _____ apart Muscle fiber _______ and resting state is reestablished
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Energy Sources for Contraction
11/28/2018 Energy Sources for Contraction ATP - found on each globular protein of myosin - 1 or 2 contractions Creatine phosphate - 25 secs. - changes ADP into ATP so the body can use it for energy Other sources
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11/28/2018 Other Sources of NRG Aerobic respiration - using stored glucose and oxygen to form ATP very efficient Anaerobic Respiration no oxygen changes glucose to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid - discomfort in muscles inefficient energy source
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From: http://www.nismat.org/physcor/energy_supply.html
11/28/2018 From:
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Anaerobic Respiration
11/28/2018 Anaerobic Respiration Oxygen debt oxygen goes toward decomposition of lactic acid - not respiration Muscle fatigue too much lactic acid - low pH - no contraction Muscle cramp muscle contracts but doesn’t relax not enough ATP to move calcium ions back into SR
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11/28/2018 Muscle Tone Sustained contraction occurring in muscle at all times - resting muscle Used for posture, body positioning, reflexes, and keep body firm Lost when a person passes out dead weight
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Athletes Higher tolerance to lactic acid more capillaries in muscles
11/28/2018 Athletes Higher tolerance to lactic acid more capillaries in muscles More muscle tone
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Rigor Mortis Contraction of muscle after death
11/28/2018 Rigor Mortis Contraction of muscle after death Sarcoplasmic Reticulum releases Calcium ions muscles contract, do not relax relax when decomposition occurs
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Contraction types Tetanic contractions Types of tetanus
11/28/2018 Contraction types Tetanic contractions sustained contraction produced by rapid sequence of stimuli Types of tetanus 1. Isotonic 2. Isometric
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11/28/2018 Isotonic Produces movement as the muscle pulls the bone toward a stationary structure ex. Bicep curl All movements!
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Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten
11/28/2018 Isometric Produces muscle tensions, but the muscle does not shorten No body movement ex. Pushing an immovable object
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11/28/2018 Twitch
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Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance”
11/28/2018 Muscle Types HO “Muscle, Genes, and Athletic Performance” Slow twitch Type I Fast twitch Type IIe Type IIx
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