1. Chapter 14 By: Blake and Sarah
Social Psychology
Chapter 14
By: Blake and Sarah

2. Conformity
Adjusting your behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Conformity can be used to identify yourself with others of the same interests or ideas.
Suggestibility is one type of conformity.
Asch’s line experiments on conformity in group settings show that discomfort can come from disagreeing with a majority of similar responses and lead to changes in your own responses.
Normative and informational social influences
Either want to gain approval or just accept others opinions about reality.

3. Obedience
One’s willingness to comply with social pressures or out-right commands.
Milgram’s obedience experiments with a “teacher” and a “learner” wired up to a shock machine with the learner having a fake heart condition.
Most “teachers” declared that they would stop at the sound of pain from the “learner”, but they still continued because of the presence of an administrator.
Studies show that obedience rates will go up if an authoritative figure is giving the command, this is due to fear of receiving a punishment.

4. Group influence Social facilitation Social loafing Deindividuation
Performing better on a task when others are present.
Social loafing
People in a group exert less effort into work when they feel less accountable for the common goal.
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness and self-control occurring in group situations that excite emotions.
Groupthink
Thinking that occurs when the desire for peace in a decision-making group overrides other realistic alternatives.

5. Relationships/Attraction
The concept that proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity are all responsible for most relationships.
The mere exposure effect is the phenomenon that repeated exposure to an intriguing characteristic will increase the chances of liking them.
Physical attractiveness
Studies have shown that voters will tend to sway towards candidates that most resemble their appearance or desired appearance in opposite sex.
Passionate love and Companionate love
Passionate is more physical and in beginning or relationship, Companionate is a deeper love and more affectionate.
Equity is what you get out of a relationship in proportion to what you put in.

6. Altruism It is the unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
The bystander effect says that one person is less likely to help or notice someone who needs aid if others are present.
You will be more likely to help if no one is around.
Reciprocity norm
Expectation that people will help and not hurt others who have helped them in the past.
Social-responsibility norm is an expectation that people will help those dependent on them.
This is mainly referring to young kids or elderly people.

7. Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
Aggression varies widely from culture to culture so scientists can look to biological influences of aggression at three levels.
Genetic, neural, and Biochemical
People that are made miserable from aversive events will often cause others to be miserable.
Frustration-aggression principle
That frustration(the blocking of a goal)creates anger, which then creates aggression.

8. Major individuals Stanley Milgram Solomon Asch Philip Zimbardo
His obedience experiments tested the willingness of people to obey orders of authoritative figures even when they are inflicting pain or harm on others.
Solomon Asch
Devised a test of conformity in a group with one test subject and other “confederates” who are in on the test.
Philip Zimbardo
Prison simulation at Stanford that assigned students with a guard role or prisoner role. He wanted to observe the change in attitudes of the guards and prisoners and see how they adjusted to fit their role.

9. Important vocab
Social psychology-explore how we think about, influence, and relate to each other
Central route persuasion-people are analytical and involved with the problem, giving facts, demonstrating, etc. (focus on arguments and respond with favorable thoughts), less superficial
Peripheral route persuasion-people respond to incidental cues, attractiveness, celebrity endorsement, etc. (faster judgements)
Cognitive dissonance theory-when we know our attitudes and actions don't match
Fundamental attribution error-we overestimate the influence of personality
Ethnocentrism-people believe their own race is best

10. Our Mnemonics We used the peg system for most of our mnemonics.
2-norm: it’s a norm to wear shoes
4-aggression: I slam the door when I am aggressive
7-just-world phenomenon: good people go to heaven
8-discrimination: don’t let the people we don’t like in the gate
Scapegoat theory: “eSCAPE” from blame

11. QUIZ
1. Being in the presence of others can make easy tasks______ and hard tasks_______.
Easier, harder
2. Obedience tends to be highest when_____
Order is from legitimate authoritative figure and depersonalized victim.
3. ____ is the “us” and ____ is the “them”.
Ingroup, outgroup
4. ______ love is in the beginning of a relationship and is more physical.
Passionate
5. _____ is a set of expectations or norms about a social position, defining how to behave.
role

12. Quiz 6. True or False: Opposites attract.
7. While Tom was talking to his crush, he started to reveal his personal troubles and achievements. This is an example of…
Self-disclosure
8. We are more likely to help someone in need if_____
Deserve help, similar to us, not in hurry, we are in a good mood
9. What is it when two sides of conflict see each other as evil and aggressive?
Mirror-image perception
10. ______ route persuasion is when people are influenced by outside variables such as speaker attractiveness.
peripheral