1. THE BEAUTY OF PARTICIPLES!

8. What is a Participle? A participle is a verbal adjective.
In other words, it’s a verb that is turned into an adjective.

9. In English
For present participles, we usually add an ‘-ing’ to the end of a Verb to make a Participle.
Can you give me examples?

10. What does the participle do? What does a participle tell us?
The singing poet
The ruling king
The learning student
The student learning the present participle
running bull
laughing cow
The people running in the streets are crazy.

11. Qualities of a Verbal Adjective
As a verbal adjective, a participle has some qualities of a verb AND an adjective.
Since it is Verbal, it has tense like a verb. It also has voice which we’ll talk about in the next chapter.
Since it’s an adjective, it has case, number, and gender.

12. How to Form Present Participles
Go to the second principal part of 1st, 2nd and regular 3rd conjugation verbs.
Drop the ‘-re’
Add ‘-ns’ and ‘-ntis’ for the nominative and genitive singular forms. The rest of the cases decline like a 3rd Declension Adjective.
Examples:
amare: amans, amantis, amanti, amantem, amanti (-e)
manere: manens, manentis, manenti, manentem,
agere: agens, agentis, agenti, agentem, etc.

13. -io Verb Exception Go to the second principal part.
Drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’
Add ‘-iens’ and ‘-ientis’ for the nominative and genitive singular forms. The rest of the cases decline like a 3rd Declension Adjective.
Examples:
fugio, fugere: fugiens, fugientis, fugienti, etc.
audio, audire: audiens, audientis, audienti, audientem, etc.

14. Go to the second principal part, and drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’
-io Verb Exception
Go to the second principal part, and drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’
Add:
Nom. -iens ientes (-ientia)
Gen. -ientis -ientium
Dat. -ienti ientibus
Accus. -ientem (-iens) -ientes (-ientia)
Abl. -ienti /-iente -ientibus

15. Translations puella ambulans = The walking girl The girl walking
The girl who is walking

16. A participle can have an object
rex cenam edens est laetus =
The king eating dinner is happy.
The king who is eating dinner is happy.
The king is happy because he is eating dinner.
The king is happy when eating dinner.
The king is happy although he’s eating dinner.

17. Conjugate the following participle: amo, amare, amavi, amatus
amans
amantis
amanti
amantem
amante
amantes
amantum
amantibus

18. Conjugate the following participle: ago, agere, egi, actus
agens
agentis
agenti
agentem
agente
agentes
agentum
agentibus

19. The loving dogs love their loving master.
Put into Latin:
The loving dogs love their loving master.
amans
amantis
amanti
amantem
amante
amantes
amantum
amantibus
The loving dogs = amantes canes
They love = amant
Their loving owner = amantem dominum

20. Put into Latin: The shipping ship ships shipping ships.
portans
portantis
portanti
portantem
portante
portantes
portantum
portantibus
The shipping ship = portans navis
It ships = portat
shipping ships = portantes naves