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HIC & ILLE
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How do you express this difference in Latin?
This book That book. That book of yours. hic liber ille liber iste liber
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hic haec hoc ille illa illud huius illīus huic illī hunc hanc illum
MASC FEM NEUT NOM hic haec hoc ille illa illud GEN huius illīus DAT huic illī ACC hunc hanc illum illam ABL hōc hāc illō illā hī hae illae hōrum hārum illōrum illārum hīs illīs hōs hās illōs illās SINGULAR PLURAL 3
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iste ista istud ille illa illud istīus illīus istī illī istum istam
MASC FEM NEUT NOM iste ista istud ille illa illud GEN istīus illīus DAT istī illī ACC istum istam illum illam ABL istō istā illō illā istae illae istōrum istārum illōrum illārum istīs illīs istōs istās illōs illās 4
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page 144 Now Let’s Practice This dinner is very good.
The robbers tell off that merchant. We were praising these temples; we weren’t able to see those temples. These slaves are Egyptian. Plancus pointed out that monument. Galatea wanted to remove this young man. That poet annoys Aristo.
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IMPERATIVES
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What is the difference between “you run” and “You, run!” ?
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How to give a positive command in Latin:
If you want to give a command to 1 person: Go to the 2nd Principal Part Drop the –re.
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Order someone to walk: ambulare ambula Order someone to run: currere curre Order someone to listen: audire audi
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Examples: 1st conjugation: porta, ama, specta 2nd conjugation: doce, sede, mane 3rd conjugation: trahe, age, posce 4th conjugation: audi, dormi
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Exceptions for Singular Imperatives
dicere = dic (Speak!) ducere = duc (Lead!) ferre = fer (Carry!) facere = fac (Do! / Make!) esse = es (Be!) nolle = noli (Don’t)
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What if you want to order more than 1 person to do something:
For 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations: Add a –TE onto the end of the singular imperative form Examples: 1st, 2nd, 4th: amate, portate, manete, audite
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3rd Conjugations Go to the singular imperative form and change the ‘e’ to an ‘i’, and then add the –TE Examples: 3rd: agite, ducite, trahite
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How to tell someone not to do something:
You order them not to want to do something. 1. Therefore, you make nolo, nolle imperative. noli (for singular) and nolite (for plural) 2. Then you put into the infinitive what it is you don’t want the person to do. Marcus, don’t eat = noli edere. Friends, don’t eat = nolite edere. Don’t look = noli spectare. Don’t sleep you guys = nolite dormire. How to tell someone not to do something:
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What is being commanded?:
portate ferte nolite dormire. noli aquam bibere. dic currete nolite currere manete
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VOCATIVE CASE
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How do you get someone’s attention in a group of people?
What case would you use? Nominative? Genitive? Dative? Accusative? Ablative?
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Vocative Case (Direct Address)
When you address someone by name (usually to get their attention), you use what’s called the Vocative Case in Latin. Examples: Look out, David! Sam, where are you going? Thank you, Sarah. March, Liam! Lauren, help me!
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How to form the Vocative in Latin
The Vocative case is almost always identical to the Nominative Case in form whether singular or plural. Julia filia filiae amici nautae milites miles Cicero domus imperator magister discipuli
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One Exception on the Vocatives
“-us” nouns like amicus and Marcus become: AMICE and MARCE (‘e’ is the ending) filius and Iulius become: FILI and IULI (no ending on ‘us’ nouns preceded by an ‘i’)
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