1. Biology PAP – October 23, 2017 Human Immune System
Warm-up: Define the following words in your notebook (pgs. Unit 2.5 in textbook)
Human Immune System
Nonspecific defenses (pg. 169)
Autotrophs (pg. 158)
Specific immunity (pg. 169)
Chemosynthesis (pg. 158)
Cellular immunity (pg. 169)
Binary fission (pg. 159)
Antibody immunity (pg. 170)
Conjugation (pg. 160)
Plasmid (pg. 157)
Endospore (pg. 160)
Pili (pg. 158)
Capsid (pg. 164)
Flagella (pg. 158)
Bacteriophage (pg. 164)

2. Bacteria

3. BACTERIA Prokaryotic Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm
DNA = in cytoplasm or as a plasmid (circular piece of DNA)
Smallest form of life
Found everywhere

4. Shapes of Bacteria

5. Bacteria can obtain their energy in different ways:
Autotrophs - Make own food
Chemotrophs - Make food from inorganic compounds
Heterotrophs - Obtain food from other organisms
Decomposers - Feed on dead materials
Bacteria live in a variety of conditions:
Obligate Anaerobes - Do not require oxygen
Obligate Aerobes - Require oxygen to live
Facultative Anaerobes - Can exist with or without O2

6. Bacterial Reproduction
In favorable conditions, bacteria can grow and divide every mins
Bacteria divide into two bacteria cells = binary fission
Some bacteria can exchange genetic material = conjugation
Video = Youtube

7. Nitrogen
Bacteria in soil that can convert nitrogen gas into ammonia for plants to use = nitrogen fixation
Anaerobic bacteria in soil eventually return nitrogen back to the atmosphere = nitrogen cycle

8. Probiotics vs. Antibiotics
Some bacteria are good and others are bad...
E. coli that lives in your intestinal tract, is needed to help digest food
Probiotics help promote the growth of bacteria
Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacterial cells or slow down growth

9. Viruses

10. Structure = protein capsid, genetic material, tail fibers, tail sheath
VIRUS
Non-living
Structure = protein capsid, genetic material, tail fibers, tail sheath
"Lock and key" attachment = fits with the host cell
Two reproductive cycles: Lytic or Lysogenic
Both require a living host

11. Lytic Cycle
Virus injects DNA into the cell & takes over the cell to make more viral DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
Virus injects DNA into cell which then fuses with cells DNA

12. Immune System

13. HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM 1st Line of Defense
Integumentary system (skin, sweat, oils, tears, mucus)
2nd Line of Defense
Inflammatory response (and fever)
Specific Immunity
Recognize cells as healthy / unhealthy
Antigens trigger immune response
Cellular Immunity - T-cells (helper, killer & memory) [WBC]
Antibody Immunity - B-cells (memory and antibodies)
HIV - attacks T cells
Vaccines - acquired immunity

14. Immunity Innate immunity = born with
Acquired immunity = once exposed to a pathogen, the body learns
Immune system works with the integumentary system & circulatory system to block & prevent invaders from harming the body
Fevers causes WBCs to mature faster & creates an unfavorable environment for invaders
Vaccinations = prevent disease / jump start to the immune system