1. (Non-)Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2. What is development?
a process (provision + transformation)
a universal goal (but haves and have nots  living standards vs. abject poverty)
a moral imperative (human rights)
a “business” (poverty = money)
the quest for growth, equity and sustainability (sustainable development)
2. Measures of development
Economic indicators
Social indicators
Environmental indicators
3. Africa’s Non-Development: Why?
Geography
History
Post-colonial dirigisme
Marginalization

3. “The Picture”: New Millennium
Source: World Bank (WDI)

5. Highest (GDP per Capita)
Gabon
12,742
Botswana
12,057
Equatorial Guinea
11,999
Mauritius
10,155
South Africa
8,477
Lowest
Congo, Dem. Rep.
264
Liberia
383
Burundi
410
Zimbabwe
538
Guinea-Bissau
569

6. Global distribution of HIV, 2006
Source: WHO, 2007.

7. Africa: GDP per capita vs. HIV/AIDS
P.S.: Malaria et al.

8. Literacy Rates

9. Environmental Degradation
Desertification
Pollution 1
Deforestation
Pollution 3
Pollution 2
Erratic Weather Patterns

10. What is development?
a process (provision + transformation)
a universal goal
a moral imperative (human rights)
a “business”
a quest for growth, equity and sustainability
2. Measures of development
Economic indicators
Social indicators
Environmental indicators
3. Sub-Saharan Africa’s Non-Development: Why?
Geography: (1) location, (2) size, (3) resources
History (colonialism = systems of exploitation and extraction)
Authoritarian Imperative and Post-colonial dirigisme
Globalization = Marginalization

11. … but
2011: 4.9% growth rate for SSAfrica (Rwanda, Tanzania, Ethiopia > 6%)
Source: World Bank

12. Country GDP Growth Date of information World Rank Region Rank
GDP Growth
Date of information
World Rank
Region Rank
 Congo, Republic of
9.1%
2010 10 1
 Zimbabwe
9.0% 11 2
 Botswana
8.7% 13 3
 Nigeria
8.4% 16 4
 Ethiopia
3.0% 20 5
Source: CIA 2011