1. Gordon Dunsire, Françoise Leresche, Mirna Willer
LIDA, Zadar, June Library Models and Standards, and Their Availability in the Semantic Web Workshop
Gordon Dunsire, Françoise Leresche, Mirna Willer

2. Representing records as RDF triples
Gordon Dunsire
11/28/2018
LIDA 2012, Workshop "Library Models and Standards, and the Semantic Web"

3. Resource Description Framework
Metadata statement constructed in 3 parts
“Triple”
The title of this book is “Treasure island”
Subject of the statement = Subject: This book
Nature of the statement = Predicate: has title
Value of the statement = Object: “Treasure island”
This book – has title – “Treasure island”
subject – predicate - object

4. Identifiers
Need unambiguous way of identifying each part of the triple for efficient machine-processing
Human labels (“This book”, “has title”) no good
Same thing, different labels; different things, same label
Exploit the utility of the URL
Machine-readable, regular syntax, unambiguous
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

5. RDF and URIs
Resource Description Framework requires the subject and predicate of triple to be URIs
Object can be a URI, or a literal string (“Treasure island”)
If the object URI of one triple is the same as the subject URI of another triple, the triples can be linked together
Linked data!
Two subject URIs or two object URIs can also be linked

6. Predicate/ Property Subject Object URI for this book “Treasure island”
URI for “has title”
“Treasure island”
match
URI for
R.L. Stevenson
URI for
this book
URI for “has author”
match
URI for “has author”
URI for
R.L. Stevenson
URI for “has name”
“Stevenson, R. L.”
URI for
Edinburgh
URI for “has geolocation”
URI for “has birthplace”

7. From record to triples Record ID: 1234 Author: Stevenson, R. L. Title:
Treasure island
Media type:
audio
Record or Resource ID => Subject
Attribute/field => Predicate
Value => Object
Subject
Predicate
Object
URI of Resource
URI for (has) Author
URI for Stevenson, R. L.?

8. Subject URI Identifies specific resource Must be globally unique
Unique global http domain + local unique number
E.g. specific library domain + record number
E.g.
Note: This is not a URL!
Not the only method …
But http URIs are “cool”
E.g. use the infrastructure of the Web

9. Property URI Predicate = RDF property
Is there a namespace (set of URIs) for the record schema?
E.g. If ISBD record – Yes!
Is there a URI for the attribute/property?
ISBD “has author” x
ISBD “has title proper” 
ISBD “has media type” 
If not, look in another namespace
Mix and match (if semantic constraints permit)

10. Object URI Optional Labels not usually given a URI
If no URI, value is a literal and cannot be linked
Labels not usually given a URI
Human-readable identifier
No need to identify the identifier
E.g. title “Treasure island”
“Value vocabulary” namespaces
E.g. ISBD area 0 vocabularies
E.g. Virtual International Authority File
E.g. Library of Congress Subject Headings …

11. Record ID: 1234
Author:
Title:
Media type:
Stevenson, R. L.
Treasure island
audio
myLibrary:1234
rda:author
viaf:
myLibrary:1234
isbd:P1004
“Treasure island”
myLibrary:1234
isbd:P1003
isbd:T1001

12. “ستيفنسن، روبرت لويس، 1850-1894 م.”
foaf:name
“ستيفنسن، روبرت لويس، م.”
foaf:name
“Stevenson, Robert Louis, ”
viaf:
rda:author
myLibrary:
1234
isbd:P1004
“Treasure island”
isbd:
T1001
“audio”
skos:prefLabel
isbd:P1003
skos:definition
“Medios utilizados para almacenar sonido grabado,
diseñado para su uso con un dispositivo de
reproducción como un tocadiscos, reproductor de
audiocasete, reproductor de CD, reproductor de
MP3 o iPod. ”

13. Interoperability Data interoperability requires Schema alignment
Schema alignment in RDF requires “ontological” triples which indicate semantic relationships between elements (classes and properties)
Applying ontological triples to data triples produces (infers) new data triples

14. Entailed triple has same nature as second triple
myLibrary:1234
isbd:P1004
“Treasure island”
urLibrary:4321
rda:titleProper
“Treasure island”
isbd:P1004
rdfs:subPropertyOf
rda:titleProper
Narrower
meaning or scope
Broader
meaning or scope
entails (infers)
myLibrary:1234
rda:titleProper
“Treasure island”
Entailed triple has same nature as second triple
= functional interoperability
First triple available for other applications