1. TERM
DEFINITION
1. Gilded Age
A. Required government employees to pass a test, limited patronage and the spoils system.
2. Boss Tweed
B. Corrupt political organizations that controlled cities and political parties. Exchanged services for votes and financial support.
3. Patronage
C. Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in NYC.
4. Political machines
D. Giving someone a government job in exchange for political/financial support.
5. Pendleton Civil Service Act
E. Refers to the the era of industrialization and urbanization, 1877 – 1900.

2. Immigration
During the Gilded Age

3. Push factors Europe was too crowded Famine
Political/religious persecution

4. Pull factors U.S. factories offered jobs.
Chinese came for jobs on the railroads in the West.
Freedom offered by American democracy.

5. Challenges Ellis Island – Europeans Angel Island – Asians
Often got the worst housing/jobs

6. Nativism “strong hatred for immigrants.”
“Natives” did not like new languages, religions, etc.
Competition for jobs

7. Legal discrimination “NINA” – No Irish Need Apply
Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882, banned immigrants from China.

8. Labor unions
American Federation of Labor (AFL) – protected skilled workers.
Haymarket Square – 1886, police fire on protesting workers.
Homestead Strike – 1892, National Guard fire on striking steel workers.
Pullman Strike – 1893, Federal troop put down railroad strike.
GOV’T OPPOSED LABOR UNIONS.