1. I. States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter

2. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Particles of matter are always in motion.
The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

3. B. Four States of Matter Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume

4. low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
B. Four States of Matter
Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume

5. B. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume

6. B. Four States of Matter
Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
What isn’t matter?
Light
Energy

7. II. Classification of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures

8. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
yes no
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

9. A. Matter Flowchart Examples: sodium pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
solution

10. B. Pure Substances
Pure substances may either be an element or a compound
Element
composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

11. B. Pure Substances Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

12. B. Pure Substances Law of Definite Composition
A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
Law of Multiple Proportions
Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

13. Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.
B. Pure Substances
For example…
Ratio: 1:1
Ratio: 1:2
Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

14. Homogeneous Heterogeneous C. Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

15. particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol
C. Mixtures
Tyndall Effect
Solution
homogeneous
very small particles
no Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

16. C. Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles
Tyndall effect
particles don’t settle
EX: milk

17. C. Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect
particles settle
EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

18. C. Mixtures Examples: colloid mayonnaise muddy water suspension fog
saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
solution