1. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 9 Substance Use Disorders Second Edition
Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn
Abnormal Psychology
Second Edition
Chapter 9
Substance Use Disorders
Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

2. Table 9.1 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Intoxication Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

3. Table 9.2 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Substance Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

4. Using a see-saw as a metaphor for the body’s response to repeated drug use, this figure illustrates the progression to tolerance and withdrawal: (a) no drug use; (b) an imbalance arises from drug use; (c) the brain and body adapt to the drug, and tolerance begins; (d) more of the drug is taken to overcome tolerance; (e) the brain and body adapt to this higher level of drug use; (f) because of the adaptation, when drug use is discontinued (or reduced) that adaptation creates withdrawal symptoms.
Figure 9.1 Tolerance and Withdrawal Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

5. Figure 9. 2 Stages of Drug Use Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M
Figure 9.2 Stages of Drug Use Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

6. Table 9. 3 Effects of Cocaine Abuse Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M
Table 9.3 Effects of Cocaine Abuse Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

7. Table 9. 4 Long-Term Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse Robin S
Table 9.4 Long-Term Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

8. Key brain areas of the dopamine reward system.
Figure 9.3 The Dopamine Reward System Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

9. This schematic illustrates how cocaine binds to dopamine transporters, which prevents normal reuptake of dopamine back into the transmitting neuron and increases the amount of dopamine in the synapse—which thereby desensitizes the receptors and requires more dopamine to have an effect.
Figure 9.4 Cocaine Use and Dopamine Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

10. Nora D. Volkow et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2001, 21 (23):9414–9418.
(a) This scan shows the distribution of dopamine transporters in a normal brain. (b) This scan shows the brain of a person who had used methamphetamine over a period of years; as is evident, even 1 month after this person stopped using the drug, the dopamine transporters are still in short supply. (c) This scan shows the brain of the same abuser more than a year after stopping the use of methamphetamine; although there is some recovery of function, the effects of chronic abuse are not completely reversed.
Figure 9.5 Long-Term Methamphetamine Use : Reversible and Irreversible Brain Damage Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

11. Table 9.5 Neurological Factors That Contribute to Stimulant Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

12. Table 9.6 Psychological Factors That Contribute to Stimulant Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

13. Table 9.7 Social Factors That Contribute to Stimulant Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

14. Different blood alcohol concentrations are, on average, associated with different effects. People may be motivated to drink alcohol because of the way it can affect thoughts, feelings, and behavior, but the same effects can impair functioning and, with repeated use, lead to alcohol use disorder. As shown in the graph on the right, alcohol’s effects—both desirable and undesirable—may be experienced within a few minutes and last a number of hours. The more someone has had to drink, the more impaired he or she will be for a longer period of time.
Figure 9.6 Blood Alcohol Concentration and Its Effects Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

15. Rosenbloom, M. , Sullivan, E. V. , and Pfefferbaum, A
Rosenbloom, M., Sullivan, E.V., and Pfefferbaum, A. Using magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to assess brain damage in alcoholics. Alcohol Research & Health 27(2):146–152, 2003.
One of the effects of long-term alcohol use disorder—alcoholism—is enlarged ventricles (the cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid). (a) The ventricles in this MRI scan are normal size; (b) the enlarged ventricles in this MRI scan are those of a man with alcohol use disorder. The enlargement of the ventricles reflects the reduced size of a number of brain areas. These neurological changes may explain some of the memory problems associated with alcohol use disorder.
Figure 9.7 Alcohol Use Disorder: Effects on the Brain Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

16. Table 9.8 Neurological Factors That Contribute to Depressant Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

17. Figure 9.8 Feedback Loops in Understanding Substance Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

18. Table 9.9 Medications Used to Treat Withdrawal and Promote Maintenance in People with Substance Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

19. Table 9. 10 Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous Robin S
Table Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

20. Figure 9. 9 Feedback Loops in Treating Substance Use Disorders Robin S
Figure 9.9 Feedback Loops in Treating Substance Use Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers