1. The Rock Cycle

2. Formation of new minerals
Metamorphosed Sedimentary Rock
Formation of new minerals
Recrystallization/deformation

3. Recrystallization

4. Recrystallization Limestone under microscope Marble under microscope
5 mm
5 mm

5. Differential stress and the development of Slate

6. Slate and Slaty cleavage
Product of differential stress at low metamorphic grade
Slate under the microscope
Cleavage
Cleavage
Bedding
Bedding

7. Differential Stress and Folding

8. Slaty cleavage and folding
Fold under the microscope
Cleavage
Cleavage

9. Metamorphism and the formation of new minerals
Chlorite + muscovite = garnet + biotite + H2O
Garnet
(Fe,Mg)3Al2Si3O12
Chlorite
(Mg,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Muscovite
(KAl3Si3O10(OH)2)
Biotite
(KAl(Mg,Fe)3Si3O10(OH)2)

10. Shistosity defined by muscovite
Schist
Shistosity defined by muscovite
Muscovite schist
Garnet-biotite schist

11. Gneiss
Highest metamorphic grade
Muscovite converted to feldspar
1 cm

12. Partial melting
Formation of migmatites

13. Metamorphism of Shale
Hornfels

14. Sheet silicates in Metamorphism
Muscovite
(KAl3Si3O10(OH)2)
Chlorite
(Mg,Fe)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Biotite
(KAl(Mg,Fe)3Si3O10(OH)2)

15. Metamorphic Index Minerals
Garnet
(Fe,Mg)3Al2Si3O12
Staurolite
(Fe,Mg)2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Sillimanite
Al2SiO5

16. The Aluminosilicate minerals (Al2SiO5) and metamorphic grade
Kyanite
Staurolite
Andalusite
Sillimanite

17. The Aluminosilicate minerals and metamorphic grade

18. Metamorphic reactions and metamorphic grade
Muscovite + Quartz = K-feldspar + sillimanite + H2O
Sillimanite
Quartz
K-feldspar
Muscovite

19. Metamorphic Facies

20. Basalt metamorphosed to different facies
Greenschist facies
(chlorite)
Basalt metamorphosed to different facies
Amphibolite facies
(Ca-amphibole)
Blueschist facies
(Na-amphibole)

21. Basalt at very high metamorphic grade
Granulite facies
Pyroxene, garnet
Basalt at very high metamorphic grade
Eclogite facies
Na-pyroxene, garnet

22. Mineralogy and Metamorphic Facies

23. Metamorphic Facies and P-T Paths

24. Metamorphic path during subduction

25. Metamorphic path during continental collision

26. Kilauea eruption of 2014

27. Kilauea 2014 eruption in late October

28. Kilauea eruption in late October 2014

29. Kilauea eruption in late October 2014

30. Kilauea eruption in late October 2014

31. Measuring the temperature of the Kilauea lava flow

32. Metamorphic Map